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Application Fields of Manganese Dioxide

Chemical characteristics of manganese dioxide MnO2 Manganese oxide is the oxygen-atom at the top, and the manganese-atom in the octahedron. A single or double chain is formed when the [MnO2] Octahedron connects to the manganese. The face can either form a square-shaped dense product or a hexagonal dense one. The process of oxidizing manganese dioxide (non-salt-forming oxide and non-amphotericoxide) occurs when it comes into contact with reducing agents. For example, manganese dioxide can be heated to 1400K in a stream with hydrogen to make manganese oxide. Manganese dioxide can then be heated to brown-black magnese trioxide in a stream with ammonia. To get l chlorine manganese, chlorine, and water, concentrated hydrochloric acids are used to react the manganese.
It can also be reduced when it comes into contact with strong oxidants. When manganese dioxide and potassium carbonate or potassium nitrate are combined and melted, you can get a dark green melting solution. This can be dissolved into water and cooled to produce potassium manganate which is a compound containing hexavalent magnese. It is a strong acid medium oxidant. Strong oxidizer. It does not burn by it self, but supports combustion. Do not combine it with flammable substances.

The primary function of manganese dioxide MnO2
Manganese dioxide is mostly used in dry batteries as a depolarizing agents. Manganese oxide is also an excellent decolorizing agent for the glass industry. It is capable to oxidize low-valent iron sodiums into high-iron ones and make the glass blue-green a weaker yellow. Use in electronics industry to create manganese zinc ferrite magnetic materials. This is used as a raw ingredient in iron-manganese alloys in the steelmaking process and as a heat-increasing material in the casting industry. A gas mask absorbent that reacts with carbon monoxide. It is used in chemical industries as an oxidant and as a catalyst for organic synthesizing. It is also used in the match trade as a burning aid, as well as as a raw material for ceramics, enamel glazes and manganese sulfates. It’s also used for fireworks, water purification, iron removal, medicine and textile printing and dyeing.
Dilute hydrochloric Acid will not react with manganese dioxide. Concentrated hydrochloric acids have a large concentration of H+/Cl-, which has strong reducibility. It can be oxidized using MnO2 under heat to form Cl2. As the reaction progresses, it gradually decreases in H+ and Cl. As the reducibility decreases, MnO2 is unable to oxidize Cl- anymore. Dilute hydrochloric and manganese dioxide will not react. Hot concentrated sulfuric acids releases oxygen to form manganese-sulfate. Mix caustic soda, oxidant and co-melt to make manganate. It dissolves in acetone.
The electrolytic manganese oxide can be divided into three types: the alkaline manganese, mercury-free and alkaline type. The alkaline manganese is suitable to alkaline zinc batteries. The alkaline manganese is suitable to alkaline zinc batteries. A manganese dioxide battery.

Application fields for manganese dioxide MnO2
The best battery depolarizer is electrolytic magnese dioxide. It is a superior battery depolarizer than dry manganese dioxide batteries. It has large discharge capacities, high activity, small sizes, and long lives. It is therefore an important raw material for industry.
The main raw material for batteries is electrolytic manganese dioxide. However, it has been extensively used in other fields such as oxidizers and raw materials in manganese zinc ferrite soft magnetic materials. It is capable of strong catalysis and oxidation / decrease, as well as ion exchange, and adsorption. After treatment and molding, it is a water purification material with excellent performance. It is more resistant to metal removal than water filter media.

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Chemical characteristics of manganese dioxide MnO2 Manganese oxide is the oxygen-atom at the top, and the manganese-atom in the octahedron. A single or double chain […]

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The Applications of Hafnium Disilicide Powder

What is it? Hafnium Powder ?
Hafnium Silicide is a silica of transition metals, which can also be used as an intermetallic compound.
The key features of Hafnium Disilicide Pulver
Hafnium silicide, HfSi2 dust (CAS 12401-56-8) has high melting points, high corrosion resistances, high oxidation resistants, and good electrical conductivity.
The applications Hafnium Disilicide Pulver
1. Prepare an organic electronic luminescence device. It contains an anode and a light-emitting coating, as well as a cathode. The packaging cover protects the light-emitting layers and the cathode of the anode. The packaging cover contains a silicon oxide layer and a barrier. This layer is formed on top of the silicon carbonitride. The organic electroluminescent devices mentioned have a long lifetime. The invention provides a method to prepare the organic electrodeluminescent device.
2. Preparation of a silicone-germanium alloy-based thermoelectric device. The silicon-germanium alloy-based thermostatic element is composed of an electro layer, a silicon/germanium thermoelectric layer and a barrier layer. The barrier layer is composed of silicides and silicon nitride. The silicon-germanium-alloy-based thermoelectric element provided has an excellent combination of interfaces. There are no cracks or visible diffusion phenomena at the interface. It can also withstand long-term high temperatures accelerated tests. Additionally, the provided preparation method is easy to use, reliable, low-cost, requires no special equipment and is suitable for large scale production.
3. A high-temperature, oxidation-resistant metal ceramic composite coating is possible. The composition of the composite film is as follows: the coating is composed of intermetallic compound, refractory carbide, and refractory metal. It is approximately 10-50mm thick. The refractory metallic is one or many of molybdenum and tantalum as well as zirconium, zirconium, and hafnium. The intermetallic compounds are composed of one or two of molybdenum and tantalum silicides and zirconium carbides. The crystal structure of the coating is made up of non-composition of crystalline or polycrystalline nanoparticles.
Hafnium Silicide HfSi2 Pupillar Properties
Other Titles hafnium disilicide, hfSi2
No. 12401-56-8
Combination Formula HfSi2
Molecular Weight 234.66
Appearance Powder
Melting Point N/A
Solubility of in water N/A
Density 7.6 g/cm3
Purity 99.00%
Particle size 5-10um
Boling Point N/A
Specific heat N/A
Thermal Conductivity N/A
Thermal Expansion N/A
Young’s Modulus N/A
Exact Mass 235.900402
Monoisotopic 235.900402
Hafnium Silicide HFSi2 Powder, CAS 12401-56-8
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What is it? Hafnium Powder ? Hafnium Silicide is a silica of transition metals, which can also be used as an intermetallic compound. The key […]

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Metal Alloy Vacuum Coating Tungsten Melting Pot Tungsten Crucibles

About Metal Alloy Vacuum Coating Tungsten Melting Pot Tungsten Crucibles:

Chemical composition:
Metal Alloy Vacuum Coating Tungsten Melting Pot Tungsten Crucibles插图

Metal Alloy Vacuum Coating Tungsten Melting Pot Tungsten Crucibles Properties

Other NamesTungsten Crucible, Tungsten Melting Pot
CAS No.N/A
Compound FormulaW
Molecular WeightN/A
Appearancecrucible
Melting PointN/A
Solubility in waterN/A
Density>=19.15g/cm3
Purity>=99.95%
Sizecustomized
Boling pointN/A
Specific HeatN/A
Thermal ConductivityN/A
Thermal ExpansionN/A
Young’s ModulusN/A
Exact MassN/A
Monoisotopic MassN/A
  
  

Metal Alloy Vacuum Coating Tungsten Melting Pot Tungsten Crucibles Health & Safety Information

Safety WarningN/A
Hazard StatementsN/A
Flashing pointN/A
Hazard CodesN/A
Risk CodesN/A
Safety StatementsN/A
RTECS NumberN/A
Transport InformationN/A
WGK GermanyN/A
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About Metal Alloy Vacuum Coating Tungsten Melting Pot Tungsten Crucibles:Chemical composition:Metal Alloy Vacuum Coating Tungsten Melting Pot Tungsten Crucibles PropertiesOther NamesTungsten Crucible, Tungsten Melting PotCAS […]

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Potassium Cetyl Phosphate CAS 19035-79-1

About Potassium cetyl phosphate:
Potassium cetyl phosphate has the characteristics of rich and fine foam, low degreasing power, low irritation to skin and hair, and good biodegradability.
Tungstenmolybdenummetals is a trusted global Potassium cetyl phosphate. Feel free to send an inquiry to get the latest price of Potassium cetyl phosphate if you would like to buy Potassium cetyl phosphate in bulk.

Product Performance of Potassium cetyl phosphate:
Potassium cetyl phosphate can improve the combability and softness of the hair, and its mild decontamination performance makes the skin comfortable after washing.

Technical Parameter of Potassium cetyl phosphate:

Product Name    Short NameEffective substance content    PH    OdorAppearance  
Potassium Cetyl PhosphateNANA6.5-8.5Slight characteristic odorWhite to slightly yellow powder


Applications of Potassium cetyl phosphate:

AK-S16K is an O/W type emulsifier. Its structure is similar to phospholipids and is a mild surfactant. It can be used in the formulation of washing skin care products.

Packing & Shipping of Potassium cetyl phosphate:
We have many different kinds of packing which depend on Potassium cetyl phosphate quantity.
Potassium cetyl phosphate packing: 1kg/bottle, 25kg/barrel, or 200kg/ barrel.
Potassium cetyl phosphate shipping: could be shipped out by sea, by air, by express as soon as possible once payment receipt.

Potassium Cetyl Phosphate CAS 19035-79-1插图

Potassium Cetyl Phosphate Properties

Other NamesN/A
CAS No.19035-79-1
Compound FormulaC16H33K2O4P
Molecular WeightN/A
AppearanceNA
Melting PointN/A
Boiling PointN/A
DensityN/A
Solubility in H2ON/A
Exact MassN/A

Potassium Cetyl Phosphate Health & Safety Information

Signal WordN/A
Hazard StatementsN/A
Hazard CodesN/A
Risk CodesN/A
Safety StatementsN/A
Transport InformationN/A
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About Potassium cetyl phosphate:Potassium cetyl phosphate has the characteristics of rich and fine foam, low degreasing power, low irritation to skin and hair, and good […]

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Polyglyceryl-3 palmitate CAS 79777-28-9

About Polyglyceryl-3 palmitate:

Colorless to yellowish solid. It belongs to hydrophilic polyglyceryl ester, with high HLB value, strong emulsification ability, good water dispersion performance, and good emulsification, dispersion, and stability of the system; Under acidic conditions, its emulsification and stability are particularly excellent.

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Product Performance of Polyglyceryl-3 palmitate:

Colorless to yellowish solid. It belongs to hydrophilic polyglyceryl ester, with high HLB value, strong emulsification ability, good water dispersion performance, and good emulsification, dispersion, and stability of the system; Under acidic conditions, its emulsification and stability are particularly excellent.


Technical Parameter of Polyglyceryl-3 palmitate:

Product Name    Short NameDensityAppearance  
Polyglyceryl-3 palmitateN/AN/AColorless to yellowish solid


Applications of Polyglyceryl-3 palmitate:

Colorless to yellowish solid. It belongs to hydrophilic polyglyceryl ester, with high HLB value, strong emulsification ability, good water dispersion performance, and good emulsification, dispersion, and stability of the system; Under acidic conditions, its emulsification and stability are particularly excellent.
Polyglyceryl-3 palmitate can be applied to lactobacillus beverages, vegetable protein beverages, ice cream, ice cream, cake, bread, noodles, and other food processing fields, as well as meat products processing. Usage: Heat the product and mix it evenly with oil before use, or add the product into water, stir and disperse it before use. 


Packing & Shipping of Polyglyceryl-3 palmitate:
We have many different kinds of packing which depend on Polyglyceryl-3 palmitate quantity.
Polyglyceryl-3 palmitate packing: 1kg/bottle, 25kg/barrel, or 200kg/ barrel.
Polyglyceryl-3 palmitate shipping: could be shipped out by sea, by air, by express as soon as possible once payment receipt.

Polyglyceryl-3 palmitate CAS 79777-28-9插图

Polyglyceryl-3 palmitate Properties

Other NamesPolyglycerol -3 monopalmitate
CAS No.79777-28-9
Compound FormulaN/A
Molecular WeightN/A
AppearanceColorless to yellowish solid
Melting PointN/A
Boiling PointN/A
DensityN/A
Solubility in H2ON/A
Exact MassN/A

Polyglyceryl-3 palmitate Health & Safety Information

Signal WordN/A
Hazard StatementsN/A
Hazard CodesN/A
Risk CodesN/A
Safety StatementsN/A
Transport InformationN/A
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About Polyglyceryl-3 palmitate:Colorless to yellowish solid. It belongs to hydrophilic polyglyceryl ester, with high HLB value, strong emulsification ability, good water dispersion performance, and good […]

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Dodecyl dimethyl betaine CAS 683-10-3

About Dodecyl dimethyl betaine CAS 683-10-3:
It can be compatible with many types of dyes, surfactants and cosmetic raw materials, and it is stable to sodium hypochlorite. It is not suitable to be heated above 100°C for a long time. This product has excellent stability and good compatibility under both acidic and alkaline conditions. Low skin irritation, good biodegradability, excellent decontamination, softness, antistatic, hard water resistance and rust resistance.

Product Performance of Dodecyl dimethyl betaine CAS 683-10-3:

Tungstenmolybdenummetals is a trusted global Alkyl C12-14 hydroxypropyl sulfobetaine. Feel free to send an inquiry to get the latest price of Alkyl C12-14 hydroxypropyl sulfobetaine.  If you would like to buy Alkyl C12-14 hydroxypropyl sulfobetaine in bulk.


Technical Parameter of Dodecyl dimethyl betaine CAS 683-10-3:

Product Name    Short Name  Solid content  Molecular formulaPHNaCl (%)
Dodecyl dimethyl betaine CAS 683-10-3 Dodecyl dimethyl betaine30±2C12H25N+(CH3)2CH2COO6.0-8.0≤6.0


Applications of Dodecyl dimethyl betaine CAS 683-10-3:

It is used in daily chemical industry, agricultural emulsifier, resin synthesis, polymer material synthesis, fire protection, oil field flooding, fracturing, acidification and many other fields.

 

Packing & Shipping of Dodecyl dimethyl betaine CAS 683-10-3:
We have many different kinds of packing which depend on Dodecyl dimethyl betaine CAS 683-10-3 quantity.
Dodecyl dimethyl betaine CAS 683-10-3 packing: Dodecyl dimethyl betaine CAS 683-10-3 kg/bottle, 25kg/barrel, or 200kg/ barrel.
Dodecyl dimethyl betaine CAS 683-10-3 shipping: could be shipped out by sea, by air, by express as soon as possible once payment receipt.

Dodecyl dimethyl betaine CAS 683-10-3插图

Dodecyl dimethyl betaine CAS 683-10-3 Properties

Other NamesLauryl dimethyl betaine; Lauryl dimethyl amine hydantoin; Lauryl dimethyl betaine; BS-12
CAS No.N/A
Compound FormulaN/A
Molecular WeightN/A
AppearanceLight yellow or reddish brown viscous liquid
Melting PointN/A
Boiling PointN/A
DensityN/A
Solubility in H2ON/A
Exact MassN/A
Dodecyl dimethyl betaine CAS 683-10-3 Health& Safety Information
Signal WordN/A
Hazard StatementsN/A
Hazard CodesN/A
Risk CodesN/A
Safety StatementsN/A
Transport InformationN/A
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About Dodecyl dimethyl betaine CAS 683-10-3:It can be compatible with many types of dyes, surfactants and cosmetic raw materials, and it is stable to sodium […]

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APESA Alkylphenol Ether Ammonium Sulfate Salt

About APESA Alkylphenol Ether Ammonium Sulfate Salt:
Alkylphenol Ether Ammonium Sulfate Salt has good wetting, dispersing and emulsifying abilities, and is a good emulsifier for aromatic solvents.
Tungstenmolybdenummetals is a trusted global APESA Alkylphenol Ether Ammonium Sulfate Salt . Feel free to send an inquiry to get the latest price of APESA Alkylphenol Ether Ammonium Sulfate Salt  if you would like to buy Alkylphenol Ether Ammonium Sulfate Salt  in bulk.

Product Performance of APESA Alkylphenol Ether Ammonium Sulfate Salt :
Alkylphenol Ether Ammonium Sulfate Salt is a detergent under neutral or slightly alkaline conditions; and a wetting agent for fabric treatment.

Technical Parameter of APESA Alkylphenol Ether Ammonium Sulfate Salt :

Product Name    Short Name   Purity       PH    OdorAppearance  
Alkylphenol Ether Ammonium Sulfate Salt APESA60%±2%6.5-7.5Characteristic odorLight yellow transparent liquid


Applications of APESA Alkylphenol Ether Ammonium Sulfate Salt:
Alkylphenol Ether Ammonium Sulfate Salt can be used as a solubilizer, emulsifier, dispersant, cleaning agent;
It is widely used in latex synthesis, cleaning and other industries. The latex produced has better properties such as adhesion, water resistance, yellowing resistance, and scrubbing resistance.
As an emulsifier, it is used together with amine compounds as a corrosion inhibitor, as a foaming agent in cement production, as a wetting agent in the fiber spinning process, as well as drilling mud additives, dye carriers, etc. Compounded with reactive emulsifiers, it can be made into high water-resistant and high-gloss building emulsions, wood paints, etc.
Alkylphenol Ether Ammonium Sulfate Salt is mainly used in petroleum extraction aids, paper industry, industrial cleaning agents, dye additives, agricultural additives, ink additives, coating additives, electroplating additives and other manufacturing industries where APES can be used.


Packing & Shipping of APESA Alkylphenol Ether Ammonium Sulfate Salt:
We have many different kinds of packing which depend on APESA Alkylphenol Ether Ammonium Sulfate Salt quantity.
APESA Alkylphenol Ether Ammonium Sulfate Salt packing: 1kg/bottle, 25kg/barrel, or 200kg/ barrel.
APESA Alkylphenol Ether Ammonium Sulfate Salt shipping: could be shipped out by sea, by air, by express as soon as possible once payment receipt.

APESA Alkylphenol Ether Ammonium Sulfate Salt插图

Alkylphenol Ether Ammonium Sulfate Salt Properties

Other NamesN/A
CAS No.N/A
Compound FormulaN/A
Molecular WeightN/A
AppearanceLight yellow transparent liquid
Melting PointN/A
Boiling PointN/A
DensityN/A
Solubility in H2ON/A
Exact MassN/A

Alkylphenol Ether Ammonium Sulfate Salt Health & Safety Information

Signal WordN/A
Hazard StatementsN/A
Hazard CodesN/A
Risk CodesN/A
Safety StatementsN/A
Transport InformationN/A
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About APESA Alkylphenol Ether Ammonium Sulfate Salt:Alkylphenol Ether Ammonium Sulfate Salt has good wetting, dispersing and emulsifying abilities, and is a good emulsifier for aromatic […]

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What is Vanadium Nitride VN?

Vanadium-nitride (or VN) is a mixture of vanadium, nitrogen. It is a dark cubic crystal powder having a molecular mass of 64.95.
Vanadium nitride is used to increase wear resistance during the nitriding of steel. VN can also be used to form V2N in the nitriding of steel. VN is made up of cubic rock salts. Also, there is a cryogenic version that contains V4 Clusters. Dynamic instability occurs when the energy in the vibration mode of the high temperature NaCl crystal phase phase drops below zero.
It is a superconductor that has strong coupling. The potential for supercapacitors is attributed to nanocrystalline vanadium. The stoichiometry determines the properties of vanadium-nitride.

Vanadium nitride, a new alloy additive, can be used in place of ferrovanadium to make microalloyed stainless steel. Vanadium Nitride can be added to steel to increase its strength, toughness, ductility, thermal fatigue resistance and weldability. The addition of vanadium-nitrogen alloy to steel can improve the strength and reduce the cost of vanadium by between 30-40%. Vanadium-nitrogen alloy can be used as structural steel and tool steel. The use of vanadium/nitrogen alloy in high-strength low-alloy steel can provide effective vanadium/nitrogen microalloying. This will promote the precipitation and stabilization of carbon, vanadium, or nitrogen compounds in the steel.

What does Vanadium Nickel VN do?
Vanadium Nitride is a superior steelmaking additive to high vanadium Iron. The nitrogen content in vanadium iron nitride can encourage the precipitation and finening of vanadium. This will make it more useful as an additive for steelmaking.
Useful for the production of wear-resistant semiconductor films.
It is a novel and effective vanadium alloy addition that can be used in the production of high strength low-alloy steel products, such as high-strength welded steel, nonquenched and temper steel, high speed steel, high quality pipeline steel, and so forth.

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Vanadium-nitride (or VN) is a mixture of vanadium, nitrogen. It is a dark cubic crystal powder having a molecular mass of 64.95. Vanadium nitride is […]

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Introduction to Hafnium Silicide HfSi2

What is Hafnium Diicide HfSi2? Hafnium desilicide The molecular formula Hafnium silicide has a molecular mass of 234.66. It is gray powder.
Hafnium silicide, a type a transition metal silicide as well as a class of refractory intermediatemetallic compounds. A unique combination of chemical and physical properties makes hafnium silicide a highly effective choice in fields such as bulk structural components and semiconductor components, thin films coatings, photovoltaic materials, thermoelectric materials, and other complementary metal oxide components.
Hafnium-disilicide nanomaterials exhibit special electrical and optical properties. They could also be useful in the field catalysis.

For what purpose is Hafnium disilicide HfSi2 used?
1. To prepare silicon carbide-hafnium silicide-tantalum silicide (SiC-HfSi2-TaSi2) anti-ablation composite coating
Carbon fiber reinforced carbon (Chand C), composite is a novel type of high-temperature composite that uses carbon fiber reinforcement and pyrolyticcarbon as a matrix. The composite’s excellent properties at high temperatures, ablation resistance, good friction and wear characteristics led to research by the United States on Chammer C composites for thermal structures. This work resulted in the creation of Cmax C Composites from thermal-structure materials to cauterized heat-proof materials. C/C can be used as a thermal structure material in components for gas turbine engines, spacecraft nose cone caps, wing leading edge, and many other places. Many of these parts are designed to work in extreme temperatures and oxidation conditions.

CPAC composites, however, are very easy to oxidize. They will usually not function normally in an oxygen atmosphere higher than 400. Chammer C composites need to be properly protected from oxidation. The preparation of an anti-oxidation coat is one of the most important protective measures. The results indicate that C/C composites can have an even higher ablation rate if they are coated with refractory materials Zr, Hf and Ta as well as TiB2 and other reactive metals. To understand the influence of Hf,Ta on Chand-C composites’ ablation performance, SiC–HfSi2-TaSi2 anti ablation coatings were prepared by embedding. Oxyacetylene ablation devices measured the coating’s ablation performance. Knot.

2. To create organic light-emitting gadgets
The package cover covers the light emitting layers and the cathode on anodes. A silicon carbonitride-based layer is used as a barrier to protect the silicon carbonitride. The material for the barrier layer includes silicide or metal oxides from at least one chromium, tantalum, hafnium, titanium, molybdenum, and tungsten silicide. The metal dioxide is chosen from magnesium oxide and aluminum trioxide as well as zirconium dioxide, hafnium dioxide, tantalum pentoxide, hafnium oxide, and tantalum pentoxide. The organic light-emitting device mentioned above has a longer life span.

3. To prepare silicon-germanium-alloy-based thermoelectric components
The silicon-germanium alloy-based, silicon-germanium thermoelectric element comprises an electrode layer as well as a silicon–germanium mixture-based thermal layer. A barrier layer is placed between the electrode and the silicon–germanium combination-based temperatureelectric layer. The barrier layer is made up of silicide as well as silicon nitride. The silicide is at minimum one of silicides: molybdenum silicide; tungsten silicide; cobalt silicide; nickel silicide; zirconium silicide; tantalum silicide or hafnium. The interface of silicon-germanium alloy based thermoelectric element has a well-bonded structure. It is resistant to cracks and diffusion phenomena, can withstand high temperature accelerated testing for a long time, and is thermally stable.

4. To prepare the cermet coating with high temperature resistance, oxidation resistance and other properties
The composite film has a thickness of 10 mm x 50 mm. The refractory metallic is one or many of molybdenum or tantalum as well as zirconium, zirconium or hafnium. The refractory compound is composed of silicon carbide, refractory carbide, and one or multiple of tantalum carbide, zirconium carbide, hafnium or hafnium silicide. The crystal structure of the coating is composed amorphous and/or polycrystalline nanoparticles.

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What is Hafnium Diicide HfSi2? Hafnium desilicide The molecular formula Hafnium silicide has a molecular mass of 234.66. It is gray powder. Hafnium silicide, a […]

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The Influence of the Formation Process on the Structure and Thermal Properties of Copper Nitride

Copper nitride (Cu3N) layers exhibit promising physical properties. Their structural and electrical properties are similar to those of semiconductors. However, the chemical and thermal properties of copper nitride remain unresolved. Hence, the objective of this research was to study the influence of the formation process on the structure and thermal properties of Cu3N.

We investigated N-rich copper nitride thin films before and after annealing. The morphology and structural properties of these films were analyzed by XRD and AFM. These studies were performed at different flow rates and partial pressures. The results were in agreement with the theoretical predictions.

Our results showed that the concentration of reactive nitrogen species decreased with increasing target-substrate distance. This decrease could be caused by a decrease in the activity of N2 in the gas-phase recombination of sputtered N species.

The growth chemistry of copper nitride was studied at various substrate temperatures and target-substrate distances. For example, a change in the distance of the target-substrate was measured in order to identify the critical decomposition temperature of the material.

The result showed that a large amount of Cu and N atoms formed an N-rich orientation at a higher N2 partial pressure. This N-rich phase exhibited a large lattice constant and retained a cubic structure.

The grain size of Cu3N thin films was also studied. The results showed that the smallest grains were observed at the shortest target-substrate distance. High partial pressures increased the size of the grains, which resulted in a sharp grain boundary.


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Copper nitride (Cu3N) layers exhibit promising physical properties. Their structural and electrical properties are similar to those of semiconductors. However, the chemical and thermal properties […]

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