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How do we improve the electrochemical performance of nano-silicon anode material?
Many countries around the world attach great importance to the direction of research that focuses on developing and utilizing new energy sources. The battery’s performance is crucial for the growth of the new energy sector. There are many kinds of batteries as energy storage elements. The most significant research area is lithium-ion batteries. They can be used as energy batteries or power storage batteries. There are many uses for them. The capacity, efficiency of the battery, its rate and cycle retention of lithium-ion batteries are crucial indicators, and its capacity is the most crucial.
The lithium-ion battery’s components comprise positive and negative electrodes along with separators electrolytes, packaging materials, and separators. The enhancement of lithium-ion battery performance is closely related to the creation of positive and negative materials. There are three kinds of cathode materials: lithium iron phosphate and cobalt dioxide. Their cycling capacity is not more than 200mAh/g. The materials for anodes available include silicon-carbon and graphite. They also have different cycling ratios. The capacity is typically below 420mAh/g. growing the specific capacity of the anode material is an important area of research acknowledged worldwide. The theoretical specific capacity of nano-silicon can be at least 4200mAh/g. The low efficiency of its primary function and low retention of the cycle are the two main reasons as to why it isn’t extensively used.
In the present, the three methods listed below are mostly used to enhance the electrochemical efficiency of silicon-based anode materials:
(1) Nano silicon materials:
Nanometerization at zero-dimension is a way to limit the absolute volume change in silicon. One-dimensional nanometerization reduces the size of the volume changes in the radial direction in the course of charging and discharge. Two-dimensional nanometerization reduces the volume change perpendicularly to the film.
(2) Silicon alloy materials:
One is inert metals (Cu Fe, Mn and Ti, etc.). that don’t react with lithium. The conductivity of the inert phase of the metal is high and it speeds up Li+’s diffusion. It also functions as buffer matrix. The other kind of phase can react with lithium. The active metals (Al. Mg. Sn. Sb. etc.).) of the deintercalation reaction, the lithium-intercalation potential platforms of the active metals and silicon are quite different, and the lithium compound generated by the active metal intercalation can be used as a buffer matrix.
(3) Silicon carbon anode material:
The high electrical conductivity of nano silicon anode material and the superior robustness of carbon materials can be completely utilized by Nano Silicon. However, the low cycle retention rate of nano silicon anode materials remains one of the major issues hindering its application. By coating the surface of silicon particles with carbon or the conversion of a certain amount silicon into silicon carbide, the rate of cycle retention can be improved to a certain extent. It is obvious that silicon anode materials should be utilized with graphite anodes. The percentage of silicon used to achieve this goal should not exceed 15 15%.
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