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TiC has high hardness, high melting point, wear resistance and electrical conductivity

Titanium carbide Overview Titanium carbide has the chemical formula TiC and a molecular weight of 59.89. Gray metallic lattice solid with a face-centered cubic structure. Melting point: 3140+-90, boiling point: 4820, relative densities 4.93. Hardness is greater that 9. Water insoluble, but soluble with nitric and aqua regia. It is stable with air below 800 and eroded in air above 2000. It can react with O2 pure at 1150C.
Titanium carbide ceramics is a typical transition metal carbide. TiC’s unique properties are due to its bonding, which is composed of ionic covalent and metallic bonds. TiC has many unique properties due to its crystal structure. These include high hardness, high melt point, wear resistance, and electrical conductivity.
Preparation of Titanium Carbide
Method: The mixtures of titanium and carbon are obtained by hydrogen-reduction TiO2 in high temperature or by combining TiO2 with carbon powder in blocks. They are then heated in an electric oven to 2300-2700 and carbonized under H2 atmosphere. The hard, crystalline powder is produced by reacting titanium dioxide with carbon black above 1800degC. Cobalt and nickel are used to compact it for heat-resistant parts and cutting tools. Cutting tools are more brittle, and it’s lighter. Sintered carbide is less likely to produce grooves when combined with the tungsten carbide in tool materials.
Property of titanium carbide
Theoretically TiC contains 20.05 percent carbon. It is a metallic light gray. It is stable chemically and nearly inert towards hydrochloric, sulfuric, and nitric acids. TiC dissolves readily in oxidizing chemical solutions, like aqua regia, nitric and hydrofluoric acids, or hydrofluoric acetic acid. It dissolves also in alkaline oxyde melt. When heated, nitrogen is formed above -1500degC in a nitrogenous air. TiC can be attacked by chlorine and will oxidize at high temperatures.
The elastic modulus for TiC is 309 706 MPa. The material sintered from 2600 to 3000 has a fracture modulus between 499.8 and 843.2MPa at room temperatures. The thermal modulus is 107.78 – 116.96mpa for 982 and 54.4-63.92mpa for 2200. The melting point of TiC is 3160 degrees C. At room temperature, the resistivity is 180 to 250 It is a good conductor for high temperatures. The thermal coefficient of expansion between 593degC and room temperature is 4.12×10-6/degF. Thermal conductivity is 0.04 CAL/cmS/degC.
Titan carbide ceramics
1. Multiphase materials : titanium carbide is a super hard material. It can be produced with TiN and other raw materials to make various multiphase ceramics. They have excellent chemical stability. This makes them the best choice for cutting tool, wear-resistant components. Titanium carbide ceramics can be used for cutting high-speed regulating wheels, carbon steel and wire because they are resistant to oxidation and do not cause crescent wear. The use of multiphase ceramics containing titanium carbide has been widespread.
2. Titan carbide, as a surface coat, is extremely wear resistant. By a chemical or physical method, diamond surfaces are coated with carbides that can form metals. At high temperatures, these metals and alloys react with diamond surfaces carbon atoms to produce stable metal carbides. These carbides are not only able to bond with diamonds, but they can also infiltrate matrix metals, enhancing the adhesion between matrix metal and diamond. Tool life can increase by up to three times with titanium carbide film.
3. The research on nuclear fusion reactors has shown that titanium carbide and composite (TiN+TiC) coating materials, after chemical heat treatments, create a tritium-resistant layer of permeability on the surface titanium carbide. This layer can resist hydrogen and ion irradiation, as well as withstand large temperature gradients and thermal cycles.
4. The ceramics made of titanium carbide are good for optical purposes.
Titanium carbide Supplier
(aka. Technology Co. Ltd., a trusted global chemical supplier & manufacturer has more than 12 years of experience in providing high-quality Nanomaterials and chemicals. Currently, we have developed a number of materials. The Titanium carbide The powder we produce is of high purity and low impurity. To get the latest information, click here. Titanium carbide prices Click on the desired product to send us an inquiry.

Titanium carbide Overview Titanium carbide has the chemical formula TiC and a molecular weight of 59.89. Gray metallic lattice solid with a face-centered cubic structure. […]

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Six classifications and applications of graphite

Six classifications of graphite and their applications
The graphite reserves in my country are vast and well distributed. However, many are small- and medium sized minerals. Private small graphite miners have operated in my country, but their added value is low. After many years of hardwork, my country has invested in a large amount of money and scientific and technological personnel. The graphite reserves of my country have been used more efficiently after a reorganization and improvement in the graphite use. Now, my country has developed high purity graphite as well as expanded graphite.
1. High purity graphite
High-purity Graphite (carbon contents > 99.99%) can be used to stabilize military industrial pyrotechnics materials, advanced refractory material in the metallurgical sector, Chemical fertilizer catalysts, additives etc.
2. Isostatic Graphite
The graphite used to make isostatic graphite comes from high-purity material. It has a low coefficient of thermal expansion, good heat resistance and chemical resistance. In the past fifty years, isostatic graphite has become a world-first product. It has not only achieved great success in civil applications, but it is also a leading material in national defence. This is a brand new material, which is also eye-catching. Basically used for the following aspects.
(1) Heater to heat polysilicon ingots
As a result of the global warming, the awareness among humans to protect the Earth has increased. More and more people now prefer natural energy that does not emit carbon dioxide. In this trend, solar cell technology has become the “darling of the new age”. The ingot heater that is used during the manufacturing process must be made out of graphite.
Nuclear fission (high temperature gas-cooled) reactor
In order to meet the requirements of graphite as a moderator for high-temperature nuclear reactors that use gas cooling, it must be resistant to deformation and radiation stress. Therefore, a modular high temperature gas cooled reactor has been proposed. Modern ultra-high temperature reactors are characterized by high power density at high temperature. This raises the bar for new graphite materials. They must be of good quality, low cost, have a high radiation damage tolerance and homogenize the product.
Nuclear fusion reactor.
Graphite’s special properties also play an important role in nuclear fusion. It can greatly reduce the metal particles in the material’s plasma, and therefore plays an important role in improving energy confinement. As nuclear fusion devices expand, graphite wall materials that have high mechanical and thermal strength are the best choice for the first material to face the plasma. These materials also show a good discharge pulse during application. Because graphite is low in atomic numbers and has low radiation losses, it can be mixed with plasma to keep it stable.
(4) Electric discharge machining electrode.
In the electrodes for electric discharge machining, graphite electrodes offer many advantages. Although graphite is a good material, it has some drawbacks. For example, dust and wear can occur during cutting.
3. Expandable graphite
Also known as acidified or flake graphite. It is made from high-quality graphite and an interlayer compound that has been treated by acidic oxidizers. Expanded Graphite offers many advantages, such as high-temperature resistance, high-pressure resistance, good seal performance, and corrosion resistance for various media. It is a type of advanced seal material. It is used mainly in the following areas.

(1) Environmental protection as a field.
Expanded graphite has a lipophilicity that makes it hydrophobic and can remove non-aqueous water solutions. This property is commonly used to remove oil from the sea surface. A large amount of oil can be absorbed by this product due to its molecular composition. After oil, the graphite can be aggregated in blocks and float on water. It can also be recycled or reused. Expanded graphite, in addition to its selective adsorption, has an inhibitory impact on air pollution. This includes the adsorption and removal of carbon dioxide.
Sealing Material
Expanded graphite is processed into flexible graphite, which has no brittleness at low temperatures and does not crack.
4. Graphite fluoride
Graphite fluoride, a high-tech material with high-performance and high-efficiency, is one of the most active research areas in the world. It is widely used for functional materials due to its unique properties and excellent performance.

(1) It is used as a releaser.
Graphite-fluoride is characterized by its low surface energy. It is mainly used in metal molds for powder molding and die casting as well as plywood molding.
(2) Solid lubricants
It is also suitable for harsh conditions like high temperature, pressure, corrosive media, and heavy loads. For example, high temperature Lubricants are used for aircraft engines, car bearings, and other high-temperature applications.
(3) Raw materials for batteries
It is difficult to use fluorine in the active material of batteries made from fluorine and lithium because fluorine gas can be poisonous. Fluorinated Graphite is used for its excellent electrochemical properties when mixed with organic electrolytes. This makes it a popular material in the integrated circuit memory of cameras, computers and watches.
5. Colloidal graphite
One of the main features of colloidal graphite is its lubricity. The colloidal film of graphite has an excellent thermal insulation in the vertical direction. It is used widely in turbine propellers and hot steam cylinders. It is used to reduce static electricity in the electronics industry.
6. Graphene
Graphene consists of a hexagonal honeycomb-like lattice made up of hybrid sp2 orbitals and carbon atoms. This is a two-dimensional, one-atom thick material. It is the most durable and hard nanomaterial ever found.
The special arrangement of its atomic structure has made it widely used.
(1) According to ultra-thin Graphene (single layer graphene almost transparent; its molecules are tightly packed, so that even the smallest of helium atoms can’t pass through), the strength is super strong, and it can be used in ultra-light armors, ultra thin and ultra light aircrafts, etc. .
(2) Its conductive atoms have a much higher speed than electrons that move in metal conductors. It can be made into graphene conductor agent.
Its thermal conductivity is superior to all known substances. Due to the rapid movement and movement of its conductive atoms, it can be applied in place of silicon as a component of future curved mobiles, photon sensors, and supercomputers.
(4) Other applications. Researchers have found that bacteria cells cannot grow on the graphene but human cells do not suffer any damage. Use graphene in bandages, food packaging and more.

Tech Co., Ltd. is a professional manufacturer of graphite with more than 12 years’ experience in research and development for chemical products. You can contact us to send an inquiry if you need high-quality graphite.

Six classifications of graphite and their applications The graphite reserves in my country are vast and well distributed. However, many are small- and medium sized […]

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Graphite Properties, Applications and Optical features.

Like diamonds in appearance, graphite is made of natural carbon crystals. Atoms are arranged hexagonally and have an opaque dark red to black color. It is found as hexagonal crystals. It can appear earthy, granular or compact. Graphite can be formed through the metamorphism or carbonaceous deposit and hydrothermal reaction. Graphite is the stablest form of carbon in standard conditions. Diamonds can be formed under high temperatures and pressure. It has a very different appearance than a real diamond, and is on the other side of the hardness spectrum. The six carbon atoms arranged horizontally on a plate give it flexibility. The atoms in the ring are very strongly bound, but the bonds between the thin plate are weak. It is used to make pencils and for lubricants. Due to its high conductivity, it is useful in electronic products like batteries, solar cells, and electrodes.

Chemical Properties

Chemical Classification Native element
Formula C

Graphite Physical Properties

Color Steel gray and black
Streak Black
Luster Metallic and sometimes earthy
Cleavage Perfect in one direction
Diaphaneity Opaque
Mohs hardness One to two
Crystal System Hexagonal
Tenacity Flexible
Density 2.09 – 2.23 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.26 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Fracture Micaceous

Graphite Optical properties

Anisotropism Extreme
Color / Pleochroism Strong
Signs of Optic Visibility Uniaxial ()
Birefringence extreme birefringence


The appearance and use of graphite
The reduction of carbon compounds causes the degradation of deposits containing carbon. The main component found in igneous stones. This occurs due to the reduction sedimentary carbon compound in metamorphic rock. Also, it can be found in meteorites and magmatic rocks. Quartz, calcite and mica are minerals that have a close relationship to this mineral. The main mineral exporters are China, Mexico Canada Brazil Madagascar.

Synthetic graphite
Synthetic graphite can be made from graphitized carbon obtained from hydrocarbons using CVD, at a higher temperature than 2500 K. It is also possible to obtain it from supersaturated carbides by decomposing them or by crystallizing the metal in molten state.

Synthetic graphite and “artificial graphite”, both terms are often used interchangeably. Synthetic graphite is more preferred due to the fact that their crystals are believed to be composed of macromolecular carbon. The term CVD is also used to describe carbide residues, pyrolytic and synthetic graphite. The definition is the same for this common usage. Acheson and electrophotography are two of the most important synonyms for synthesized graphite.

The Applied Area
Natural graphite has many uses, such as refractory, expanded graphite (brake pads), casting surfaces, brake pad, and lubrication.
The graphite used in crucibles was very large, but the graphite required for carbon-magnesia bricks was not as large. These and other products now have greater flexibility in the size of flake graphite required.
Graphite use in batteries has grown over the last 30 Years. In the major battery technologies, both natural and synthetic materials may be used for electrodes.
The lithium-ion battery used in the new car, for instance, contains almost 40 kilograms of graphite.
The main use of natural graphite for steelmaking is to increase carbon content in the molten steel. It can be used also to lubricate extrusion moulds.
The use of natural amorphous flake and fine flakes graphite for brake linings and brake shoes in heavy (non automotive) vehicles is increasing as asbestos needs to be replaced.
Foundries clean molds with amorphous, thin flake like coatings. If you paint it inside the mold then let it air dry, it will leave behind a fine graphite layer that helps to separate the castings after the molten steel has cooled.

Synthetic graphite has many uses
High focus pyrolytic (HOPG), the best synthetic graphite, is of the highest quality. In scientific research it is used to calibrate scanners and scanning probe microscopes.
The electrodes melt scrap steel and iron in electric arc kilns (most steel furnaces) and, sometimes, direct reduced iron. The mixture of coal tar and petroleum coke is used to make them.
Graphite Carbon electrodes are also employed in the electrolytic aluminium smelting. Synthetic electrodes are used at a small scale in the discharge (EDM) process for making plastic injection moulds.
Special grades, such as the gilsocarbon graphite, can be utilized as a neutron moderator and matrix in nuclear reactors. In the recommended fusion-reactor, it is recommended that low neutrons cross sections be used.
The carbon nanotubes can also be found in heat-resistant composites, such as the reinforced carbon-carbon material (RCC). Commercial structures made from carbon fiber graphite materials include golf shafts, bicycle frame, sports car body panels and the body panel of the Boeing 787 Dreamliner.
To prevent static build-up, modern smokeless powders have a graphite coating.
At least three different radar-absorbing materials contain it. Sumpf, Schornsteinfeger and rubber are mixed to form U-shaped Snorkels. This reduces the radar cross section. The F-117 Nighthawk floor tiles were also used for secretly hitting fighter jets.
Graphite Composites are used in the LHC beam collection as high-energy particle absorbers.
Graphite Recycling
The most common way to recover graphite occurs when synthetic graphite electrodes are made and then cut up into small pieces, or are discarded by turning them on a lathe. Or when the electrodes have been used all the way down to the electrode holders. Replace the old with new electrodes. However, most of the older electrodes are still present. After crushing and sizing the graphite, it is used mainly to increase the carbon in molten steel. Some refractories contain refractory material, but these are not usually caused by graphite. For example, the bulk materials containing graphite (such as bricks of carbon magnesia containing only 15 to 25 percent graphite), usually have very little graphite. Carbon magnesite can be recovered.

(aka. Technology Co. Ltd., a global chemical supplier & manufacturer that has over 12 year’s experience in providing high-quality Nanomaterials and chemicals. The graphite produced by our company is high in purity, has fine particles and low impurity levels. If you require a lower grade, please do not hesitate to contact us.

Like diamonds in appearance, graphite is made of natural carbon crystals. Atoms are arranged hexagonally and have an opaque dark red to black color. It […]

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Application of Nano silica powder

Nano-manufacturer (aka. Technology Co. Ltd. summarized specific applications of Nanosilica after years exploring Nano-powders.
Plastic
Nano-silica Light-transmissive with a smaller particle size. This can make plastics dense. When silica is added to polystyrene, it improves the film’s transparency, strength and toughness, as well as its waterproofing and anti-aging capabilities.

Rubber
Rubber is a rubber elastomer that has excellent stretchability but its overall performance isn’t satisfactory. Carbon black is added to rubber to increase its strength, wear-resistance, and aging resistance. Carbon black is added to rubber, but this results in a black product. The grade of the rubber product is low. The introduction of nano-SiO2 to China has provided a solid material base for the production of new rubber products that have novel colors and high performance.
When rubber is treated with nano-SiO2, its abrasion and flexural strength, as well as its resistance to aging, are improved. Its color also looks brighter, and color retention is better.
Dye
Organic dyes may have vibrant colors and strong tinting powers, but they are not as resistant to light, heat, solvents, or migration than inorganics. Addition of nano-SiO2 to organic dyes improves their anti-aging and brightness properties.

Ceramics
Using nano-SiO2 Instead of adding traditional Nano-additives to ceramics, the particles can also be used as second-phase particles. This not only increases the toughness and strength of the ceramic but also its hardness and elastic modulus. The performance is better and the effect is more optimal than traditional Nano
additives.
By using nano-SiO2 in the composite of ceramic substrates, not only is the density, toughness, smoothness and toughness improved, but the sintering temp greatly reduced. The application of nano-SiO2 to ceramic products, such as ceramic filter and corundum ball is also very important.

Sealant Adhesive
Sealants, adhesives, and other important products are widely used and have many applications. This requires the right conditions in terms of product viscosity (liquidity), curing speed, and cure time. Nano-materials have been used as modifiers in many foreign products. Nano-SiO2 has become the most popular. It is mostly coated with an organic material to make nano-SiO2 more hydrophobic, and then added to the sealant. It is formed quickly by the Nano-SiOX, small particles that form a network to slow down the flow and speed up the curing. A small nano-SiO2 size increases both the sealing and the impermeability.

Glass Product
The FRP materials are light, have high strength and corrosion resistance but have low hardness. They also have poor wear resistance. Scientists use ultrasonic dispersion to add nano-SiO2 into the gel coat resin. They then compare the performance of the gel without the nano-SiO2. nano-SiO2 Wear resistance has increased 1 to 2 fold. Nanoparticles are grafted and bonded to organic polymers, increasing the material’s toughness. Tensile strength and Impact strength increase by one time. Heat resistance has been improved as well, as mentioned above.


(aka. Technology Co. Ltd. has over 12 years experience as a supplier of high-quality chemical materials and nanomaterials. The nano-SiO2 Please note that the products produced by our company are of high purity and have low impurities. Please. Contact us if necessary.

Nano-manufacturer (aka. Technology Co. Ltd. summarized specific applications of Nanosilica after years exploring Nano-powders. Plastic Nano-silica Light-transmissive with a smaller particle size. This can make […]

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What are the reserves of nickel in your nature?

Nickel and cool react together Nickel does not react when powdered nickel and O2 are at room temperatures. Nickel oxide (II) can be formed by burning the finely divided metal. Nickel (II), or oxide, is a dark green powder.
What is nickel oxide made of?
Nickel oxide (Nickel Oxide) NiO It is a semiconductor O-type p-type that has a long distance and excellent thermal and chemical stability. The energy harvester is the perovskite Super-Junction Battery Cell.

Is nickel oxide toxic?
Clinical features: Nickel is a daily metal, but exposure to nickel in acute form can cause severe poisoning.

Is nickel oxide stable?
Nickel oxide The MCFC material is unstable because the NiO is not stable.

Is nickel oxide a conductor ?
Because electrons in metal are loosely bound they can move freely.

You have solved nickel oxide.
Nickel oxide forms potassium Ni(CN), which dissolves oxygen zinc oxide, nickel Ni(CN), and potassium K2NiCN4. However, potassium Cyanide is important.
Is nickel oxide flammable?
Like smoke or cotton, an airplane is also a plane. Without water. Symptoms of exposure to compounds include skin allergies and allergic dermatitis. The eyes can itch, cause skin irritation and other problems.

How can nickel oxide be made into a nickel?
At atmospheric pressure, and at a temperature between 50 and 60 degC, nickel oxide reacts to water vapor. This reduces the oxide to impure nickel.

Why is nickel recycling important to you?
Recycling nickel and metals creates an environment that is beneficial to both industry and the environment. This is a crucial part. Metals are reclaimed because they have value. Most metals can also be recycled without losing quality. Metals are special.

What can you find in nickel?
Showerheads and taps for the bathroom
2.Batteries.
3.Coins.
4.Cars.
5.Mobile phones.
6.Jet engines.
7.Cutlery.

Nickel oxide has a primary purpose.
1. Wood glass Ultraviolet Lamp
2. Ceramics and glass
3. Catalyst
4. Batteries and semiconductors
(aka. Technology Co. Ltd., a reputable global chemical supplier and manufacturer with more than 12 years’ experience in the production of super-high-quality chemicals. Currently, we have developed a successful series of powdered materials. Our OEM service is also available. If you’re looking for Green Nickel oxide powder Please contact us. Please click on Needed products Send us a message.

Nickel and cool react together Nickel does not react when powdered nickel and O2 are at room temperatures. Nickel oxide (II) can be formed by […]

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The Bayer Process-The Main Production Method of Alumina

Alumina Bauxite is a stable aluminium oxide that is used in ceramics, material science and mining. The rapid development of our country’s electrolytic aluminium, ceramics industries, medicine, electronics and machinery will increase the demand for alumina.
There are many ways to extract alumina from ore. These include the Bayer method and other methods such as soda-lime sintering. The Bayer Process was the primary method for producing aluminum, with its output accounting for approximately 95% of total global alumina output. Although the acid method made huge progress in the 1970s it was not used by industry.



Bayer Process: A new way to produce alumina

The Austrian Bayer K.J.Bayer invented it in 1888. The principle is that caustic (NaOH), a solution of sodium hydroxide, is used to warm and dissolve the alumina within bauxite. This produces sodium aluminate. After the solution (red mud) is separated, the temperature of the mixture is lowered and aluminum hydroxide added as a crystal seed. After long stirring, the sodium-aluminate solution is separated to aluminum hydroxide. Then, it’s washed off and calcined in a temperature range of 9501200. The resulting alumina. Mother liquor is the solution that remains after precipitation.

Because gibbsite and boehmite are different in their crystalline structure, they will dissolve at different temperatures. The gibbsite-type bauxite dissolves at 125140°C, and diaspore-type bauxite at 240260°C with the addition of lime (37%).

Bayer Process Alumina Products: Benefits

The Bayer Process is a modern process that has been characterized by:

1. Equipment of large scale and continuous operation
2. Automating production processes;
3. Energy-saving techniques such as fluidized roasting, high-pressure enhanced disolution and high pressure enhanced dissolution;
4. Dry purification of flue gases and aluminum electrolysis is needed for production of sandy alumina. Bayer’s advantages

The economic effect of the Bayer Process is determined by the quality of the bauxite, mainly the SiO2 content in the ore, which is usually expressed by the aluminum-silicon ratio of the ore, that is, the weight ratio of the Al2O3 to the SiO2 content in the ore. Because in the dissolution process of the Bayer Process, SiO2 is transformed into sodalite-type hydrated sodium aluminosilicate (Na2O*Al2O3*1.7SiO2*nH2O), which is discharged along with the red mud. The Bayer Process will generate about 0.8 kg of NaOH for every kilogram of SiO2 present in the ore. The Bayer process has a worse economic impact the lower the aluminum-silicon ration of bauxite. Up until the late 70s, the Bayer Process used a bauxite with an aluminum-silicon level greater than 7. In order to make the most of the diminishing resources of high grade gibbsite bauxite, research and development has focused on finding new ways to save energy and using other types of low quality bauxite.

(aka. Technology Co. Ltd., a trusted global chemical supplier & manufacturer has over 12 years experience in providing high-quality nanomaterials and chemicals. The Aluminum Oxide The products produced by our company are high in purity, have fine particles and low impurity levels. Contact us if you have any questions.

Alumina Bauxite is a stable aluminium oxide that is used in ceramics, material science and mining. The rapid development of our country’s electrolytic aluminium, ceramics […]

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The Property And Application of Boron Carbide Powder

Boron carbide The organic material B4C is also called black diamond. This substance, which usually comes in the form of gray-black nanopowder, has a formula molecular. Boron carbide ranks third in the world’s hardest materials, alongside diamond and cubic boron oxide.

Boron Carbide: Its Properties

Boron carbide has high chemical potential. It is also resistant to wear and has semiconductor conductivity. It is one of most stable substances for acid, and stable in any concentrated or diluted acid or alkali solutions. Boron carbide remains stable in air below 800degC.
The hardness is lower for boron carbide than it is for industrial diamonds, but higher than the silicon carbide. Boron carbide is less fragile than most pottery. Boron carbide resists corrosion by hot hydrogenfluoride, nitric and other acids. It is soluble with molten alkali but insoluble with water and acid.

Boron Carbide: Its Application

Control nuclear fission
Boron carbide absorbs a large amount of neutrons while forming no radioactive isotopes. This makes it an ideal neutron absorption material in nuclear power stations. The neutron absorption material is also used to control nuclear fission. In the nuclear reactor sector, the main form of Boron carbide used is a controllable bar. But sometimes it can also be made as a powder due to the increased surface area.

During Chernobyl’s nuclear accident, Russia dropped sand and nearly 2,000 tonnes of boron-carbide, which stopped the chain reactions in the reactor.

Abrasive material
The boron carbide is a material that has been in use as an abrasive for a very long time. Due to its high melting point it is difficult for it to be cast in artificial products. However it can be processed by melting the powder at a high temperature into simple shapes. It is used for grinding and polishing of hard materials, such as gemstones and cemented-carbide.

Coating paint
Boron carbide may also be used to coat warships or helicopters. It is light weight and resistant to armor-piercing bullets.

Nozzle
It is used in the manufacture of gun nozzles for the munitions sector. Boron carbide has a high wear resistance and is resistant to acids and alkalis. It can also withstand high pressures and temperatures.

Due to its high hardness and wear resistance, the boron-carbide sandblasting needle will gradually replace sandblasting tools made of silicon carbide/tungsten and cemented carbide/tungsten and silicon nitride.

Other
Boron carbide also is used in the production of metal borides as well as smelting sodium-boron, boron alloys and special welding.

Tech Co., Ltd. is a professional Boron carbide powder Over 12 years in research and development of chemical products. You can contact us for high-quality boron carbide powder. Contact us Send an inquiry.

Boron carbide The organic material B4C is also called black diamond. This substance, which usually comes in the form of gray-black nanopowder, has a formula […]

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Cuprous oxide is one of the two stable oxides of copper

Overview of cuprous oxide Cuprous oxide, the chemical formula is Cu2O, is monovalent copper oxide, a bright red powder solid, almost insoluble in water, in acidic solution disproportionation into copper and copper elemental, in the wet air gradually oxidized into black copper oxide. Cuprous oxide is mainly used in the manufacture of ship bottom antifouling paint (used to kill lower Marine animals), insecticides, and various copper salts, analytical reagents, red glass, but also used in the preparation of copper plating and copper plating alloy solution.
It is disproportionated to copper in an acidic solution, indicating that the stability of copper ions in the solution is greater than that of copper ions. For example, cuprous oxide reacts with sulfuric acid to produce copper sulfate and copper.
Cu2O + H2SO4 – CuSO4 + Cu + H2O
Cuprous oxide reacts with nitric acid to form copper nitrate, nitric oxide and water
3Cu2O + 14HNO3(dilute)- 6Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO| + 7H2O
Cuprous oxide reacts with ammonia water and hydrogen halide acid to form complex and does not disproportionate into divalent copper and copper
Soluble in concentrated ammonia solution to form the colorless complex [Cu(NH3)2]+ (copper (I) ammonia ion), which is oxidized in the air to the blue [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+ (copper (II) hydrate ammonia ion)
Curious oxide soluble in hydrochloric acid to form HCUCL 2 (cuprous chloride complex), also soluble in sulfuric acid and nitric acid respectively form copper sulfate and copper nitrate.
What does cuprous oxide do?
Cuprous oxide is used as a pigment in ceramics to produce blue, red and green, and sometimes grey, pink or black glazes.
It was also mistakenly used as a dietary supplement in animal feed.
Due to low biological activity, the absorbable copper is negligible. It is also used for welding with copper alloys. Cuprous oxide is also used to make ship bottom antifouling paint (to kill lower Marine animals).
Used as bactericide, ceramic and enamel coloring agent, red glass dyeing agent, also used in the manufacture of various copper salts, analytical reagents and used in the electrical industry in the rectification electroplating, crop fungicide and rectifier materials. Cuprous oxide is also commonly used as a catalyst for organic synthesis.

Is cuprous oxide dangerous?
Toxic when swallowed. Skin can be harmful if absorbed through the skin. May cause skin irritation. Eye irritation may occur.
Acute toxicity: LD50:470mg /kg in mice; The abdominal meridian of mice was LD50:380 mg/kg; When the dust content of this product in the air reaches 0.22 ~ 14mg/m3, it will cause acute poisoning after working for 1 ~ 2h, which is manifested as headache, weakness, pharynx and conjunctiva redness, nausea, muscle pain, sometimes vomiting and diarrhea, fatigue, and elevated body temperature. After a day, the body temperature may return to normal, but weakness, headache, dizziness, rapid pulse count, and lymphocytosis remain. The gastric lavage with a certain concentration of K4[Fe(CN)6] solution and the taking of milk and other measures were taken for the acutely infected patients. The maximum allowable concentration in the air is 0.1mg/m3. You can wear a mask, dustproof glasses, wear protective work clothes, and take a shower after work.
Chronic poisoning is: the local skin, hair and conjunctiva of the workers who contact copper compounds sometimes become light yellow or black green, and there is dark red or magenta edge on the gingival. Irritating to the skin, dust irritates the eyes and causes corneal ulcers.
What’s the difference between CuO and Cu2O?
Cu2O is obtained by oxidizing the copper metal or by reducing a solution of copper (II) with sulfur oxide, while CuO is obtained by pyrometallurgical methods used to extract copper from ore. Many wood preservatives are made from copper. It is also used as a pigment to make different glazes.

How is cuprous oxide formed?
Usually, the direct oxidation method of metal copper: the metal copper is suspended in the vertical tubular electric furnace with platinum wire, in the nitrogen atmosphere containing 1%(volume fraction) oxygen, heated at 1000 for 24h to get cuprous oxide. Or the chemical calculation of metal copper and copper oxide mixture is closed in a vacuum tube, heated at 1000 for 5h to make its reaction to getting cuprous oxide. The order of forming oxide phase from copper through thermal oxidation is as follows: Cu-Cu + Cu2O-Cu2O-Cu2O + CuO-CuO. In addition, the formation of pure Cu2O occurs at about 200degC, while the formation of CuO begins at 300degC to 1000degC.
Cuprous oxide can also be produced by the dry process.
Dry method: The copper powder is mixed with copper oxide after impurity removal, and then sent into the calcining furnace to be heated to 800~900degC to be calcined into cuprous oxide. After taking it out, use a magnet to remove mechanical impurities, and then pulverize to 325 mesh. If copper sulfate is used as the raw material, first use an iron to reduce the copper in the copper sulfate. The subsequent reaction steps are the same as the method using copper powder as the raw material.

Why is cuprous oxide red?
Red copper is a reduced form of ordinary black copper oxide (CuO).In normal oxidizing roasting, it will be converted to the copper oxide form (CuO), which produces the normal green color in the glaze and glass. If reduced and sintered, it will retain its Cu2O structure to produce the typical copper-red color.
Aminopolysiloxane as Cu2O Photocathode Overlayer: Photocorrosion Inhibitor and Low Overpotential CO2-to-formate Selectivity Promoter
Photo-active P-type semiconductor based on Earth-rich elements represents photoactive P-type semiconductor of photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (PEC CO2RR). However, although light absorption and appropriate conduction edge energy, rapidly performs photo corrosion under PEC CO 2RR conditions. Here, the amine-functionalized polysiloxane (AF-PSI) is evaluated by the amine-CO2 adduct, and the amine-functionalized polysiloxane (AF-PSI) is evaluated as a protective layer and a PEC CE2RR promoter. Electrochemical experiments and X-ray diffraction indicate that light stability is significantly improved by AF-PSI cover. Electrolysis experiments under visible light illumination showed that the feed efficiency of the feed was 61% of the preferred production of 61%. Detailed in situ FTIR studies have shown that the amine group is combined with CO2 to form a urethane substance, and the method is to confirm the double effect of the AF-PSI layer by the favored cathode polarization.

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Overview of cuprous oxide Cuprous oxide, the chemical formula is Cu2O, is monovalent copper oxide, a bright red powder solid, almost insoluble in water, in […]

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Basic Properties, Synthesis and Typical Properties of Boron Carbide

What is Boron Carbide?

Boron Carbide Powder belongs to the trigonal system. The unit cell contains 12 B and 3 C. The unit cell’s stereo diagonally connected C atoms are in an active configuration. They can be substituted by B atoms, forming a replacement solution.

B4C powder is very hard and has a high grinding efficiency. It can grind up to 60%-70% more efficiently than diamond.


B4C Powder has a melting temperature of 2450°C (decomposition). The coefficient for expansion at 1000degC (4.5×10-6degC-1) is 4.5×10-6degC-1. The thermal conductivity of B4C powder is 121.4W/m*k when it’s 100degC, and 62.79W/m*k when it’s 700degC. Hot-pressed products of B4C are used for wear-resistant and temperature-resistant parts. B4C powder is primarily used in the refractory industries as an anti-oxidant additive. Unshaped materials enhance the strength and resistance to corrosion of the body.

The properties of Boron Carbide and their Synthesis

B4C powder is synthesized in industry by reducing boron ahydride with excess Carbon:

2B2O3+7C-B4+6CO|


The synthesis reaction may be carried out either in an electric arc or a muffle oven. In a resistance-type furnace, the mixtures of boron hydride B2O3 with carbon C are heated to a lower decomposition temperature than B4C. This is an effective way to synthesize B4C. B4C is broken down into boron and carbon rich phase in the electric-arc furnace because of the high temperature. The reaction product may contain a lot of free C (20%-30%). As a result, the B4C obtained is of slightly inferior quality.


In order to synthesize B4C using an electric arc, boric acids (with a content greater than 92%), artificial graphite with a fixed carbon of greater than 95%, and petroleum coke with 85% fixed carbon are used. The theoretical dosage is calculated based on the reaction formula. The theoretical amount is 2% higher. Each of artificial graphite and petroleum coke accounts for 50% of total carbon addition, which is 3%-4% more than the theoretical amount. Add the three prepared raw materials to the arc and mix them in a ball-mill. B4C can then be obtained by carbonizing the furnace and reducing it between 1700-2300. Finaly, the frit will be sorted and cleaned, crushed, pulverized, pickled and sedimented to get B4C with different particle sizes.


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What is Boron Carbide? Boron Carbide Powder belongs to the trigonal system. The unit cell contains 12 B and 3 C. The unit cell’s stereo […]

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The Property And Preparation of Boron Nitride Powder

Boron nitride The powder is white and is a crystal made up of nitrogen atoms. The chemical composition of the powder is a mixture of boron and nitrogen (43.6%). There are four types: hexagonal Boron Nitride (HBN), Rhombohedral Boron Nitride (RBN), Cubic boron Nitride (CBN), or wurtzite Nitro Boron (WBN).

What property does boron nitride have?

Boron Nitride Powder is resistant against chemical corrosion. It is also not affected by water or mineral acids. The boron and nitrogen bond is broken by hot concentrated alkali. The air temperature above 1200degC causes the nitride to begin oxidizing. It melts at 3000degC and begins to sublime slightly below 3000degC. Decomposition begins in vacuum around 2700degC. Boron Nitride Powder is slightly soluble when heated acid is used, but insoluble with cold water.
Carbon materials are inferior in terms of most properties to boron carbide. For hexagonal Boron Nitride: Low friction coefficient, Good high temperature stability and Thermal shock Resistance, High Strength, High Thermal Conductivity, Low Expansion Coefficient, High Resistivity, Corrosion resistance, Microwave or Transparent Infrared.

What are the different methods of preparation for boron nitride?

The boron-nitride is commonly produced as a powder with a structure similar to graphite, also known as white graphite. The second is diamond type. Similar to the conversion of graphite to a diamond, graphite boron-nitride powder can be converted into diamond boron-nitride powder under high temperature and pressure.

High Temperature and High Pressure Synthesis
Wentorf produced cubic BN first in 1957. The cubic boron nitride can be directly converted from pure hexagonal boron nitride, HBN, when the pressure and temperature are high enough. Subsequently it was found that the use catalysts can reduce the transition pressure and temperature. The high cost of preparation and the complexity of equipment limit its industrial use.

Chemical vapor synthesis
Sokolowski was the first to use pulsed-plasma technology in 1979 for preparing cubic boron (CBN), at low temperature, and under low pressure. Equipment is simple, and the process can be easily realized.

Technology for carbothermic synthesis
The method is based on using boric acid, a raw material, as an additive to silicon carbide. Ammonia nitriding then produces boron oxide. The resultant product has a high purity, and is a valuable material for composite materials.

Ion beamsputtering
The mixed product is made using particle beam deposition. It is possible to achieve a product with a morphology that is controlled, even though this method contains fewer impurities.

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Boron nitride The powder is white and is a crystal made up of nitrogen atoms. The chemical composition of the powder is a mixture of […]

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