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“Silicon Nitride” in Semiconductors

What is silicon nitride (SiN)?

Silicon-nitride, an inorganic material with the formula Si3N4, is a substance. It is an important ceramic structural material, with high wear resistance, inherent lubricity and high hardness. It is a atomic crystal and resists oxidation in high temperatures. It is also resistant to the impact of both cold and heat. It won’t be damaged if you heat it to over 1000degC and cool it quickly, then heat it rapidly. The excellent properties of silicon nitride are the reason why it is used in many mechanical components like bearings, turbines blades, mechanical sealing rings, permanent molds and more. Silicon nitride Ceramics are resistant to heat and are difficult to transfer. They can therefore be used to create the heating surfaces for engine components.

The future trend in the market will be silicon nitride-ceramic substrates

Semiconductors develop towards high-power and high-frequency semiconductors. Semiconductor products are used widely in many fields, including wind energy generation, solar photovoltaic electricity generation, electric cars, LED lighting, etc. Ceramic substrates, as electronic components, play an important role in the LED lighting field.

Semiconductor packing materials are substrates with good electrical insulation that contain electronic components and interconnections. The substrate should possess the following characteristics: high insulation and resistance against electrical breakdown.


Substrates that are commonly used include ceramic, glass ceramic, diamond, resin, silicon, metal, or metal composites. Ceramics, for example, have been a favorite because of their high thermal conductivity (higher than metal) and their high frequency characteristics.


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What is silicon nitride (SiN)? Silicon-nitride, an inorganic material with the formula Si3N4, is a substance. It is an important ceramic structural material, with high […]

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Introduction to The Preparation Methods of Titanium Carbide Powder

Titanium carbide The light gray crystals are cubical and have a high degree of chemical stability. Titanium carbide reacts little with hydrochloric and sulfuric acids. However, it can dissolve in aqua regia or nitric, hydrofluoric, and nitric-acetic acid solutions.
Titanium carbide, a gray iron crystal with metallic luster that belongs to a simple cubic structure NaCl type, is a simple cubic crystal. The covalent bonding between the titanium and carbon atoms in TiC is equivalent to strong atoms. It shares several properties with metals including high melting and boiling points, hardness, and high boiling temperatures. Diamond is the only other material that can rival its hardness.

Titanium carbide has excellent thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity. This powder is superconducting even at low temperatures. TiC can be used in many applications, including the production of heat-resistant metals, cemented carbides, antiwear materials, high temperature radiation materials, and high-temperature vacuum devices. There are many other applications in different fields.

Titanium carbid powder preparation methods:

As raw materials, titanium dioxide and carbon black are used.
The dry powder mixture of high-purity titania dioxide and carbon black is mixed proportionally, then press-formed under a hydrogen-filled atmosphere in either a horizontal or vertical carbon tube. At 1900-2300degC reduction to obtain block of TiC is performed, followed by pulverization for titanium carbide product. Alternatively, carbon black and sponge titanium can be used as raw materials. The sponge Titanium (or Titan alloy, or titanium waste recovered in carbide solid solutions) and carbon are combined in the proportions specified, then heated to 1500-1700degC using a high-purity hydrogen stream.

Direct carbonization of Titanium Metal:
The carbon is then infiltrated with a high-purity stream of hydrogen. The reaction temperature, holding time and particle size are dependent on the raw material.

Gas phase reaction method:
Hydrocarbons such as benzene and methane are mixed into the steam from titanium tetrachloride. After induction heating (or other methods), the steam is sent to deposit titanium carbide on the substrate. The reaction precipitates titania carbide on substrate. The precipitated titanium carbide has a different form depending on the reaction conditions.

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Titanium carbide The light gray crystals are cubical and have a high degree of chemical stability. Titanium carbide reacts little with hydrochloric and sulfuric acids. […]

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What Is the Chemical Composition of Ferrofluids?

The chemical composition of ferrofluids can be very important for their usefulness. A magnetic fluid that is not properly stabilized will quickly become solid, exhibiting jagged spikes when placed in a magnet. This is a well-known phenomenon called Rosensweig instability, named after the late Ronald Rosensweig, an American chemist who developed some of the first magnetic fluids.

To prevent this, the iron oxide (magnetite) particles in ferrofluids need to be coated with surfactants. This keeps the magnetic particles in suspension. Previous attempts to prepare stable silicone oil-based ferrofluids using surfactants such as oleic acid have been limited by the volatility of the silicon oils themselves. These volatile hydrocarbon liquids require a large volume of solvent to produce a ferrofluid, and their evaporation rapidly degrades the magnetic properties of the ferrofluid.

A team led by physical chemist Ben Erne at Utrecht University in the Netherlands has now developed a new kind of surfactant, which makes it possible to create magnetic fluids that stay liquid even when heated above 100°C. Their new formula also allows them to make magnetic fluids with different densities, allowing materials of different weights to float at different heights. This is very important in applications such as magnetic density separation (MDS), where flaked plastics from different sources flow through a ferrofluid over an electromagnet, attracting the magnet and repelling non-magnetic flakes.

The key to the new surfactant is a special type of molecule called b-cyclodextrin, which can attach itself to the iron oxide particles and form a cage around them. This cage makes it impossible for the magnetic particles to stick together, and also blocks their ability to interact with other iron oxides. As a result, the spins of the magnetite atoms are oriented strictly opposite each other, producing a checkerboard pattern that is strongly attracted to magnetism.

The chemical composition of ferrofluids can be very important for their usefulness. A magnetic fluid that is not properly stabilized will quickly become solid, exhibiting […]

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Take you to understand calcium nitride powder related information

Properties of Calcium Nitride Calcium nitride This compound is made up of calcium and nitrogen. Ca3N2 has the chemical formula. It is a solid crystalline that appears reddish-brown. When it comes into contact with water, calcium nitride dissolves and releases ammonia. Insoluble in dilute acids and decomposes when exposed to alcohol. Calcium nitride (CaN) is made by heating metallic calcium at 450degC with nitrogen.
Is calcium nitride ionic?
You can also find out more about us on our website. Calcium Nitride If we know the ions that make up an ionic substance, then we can determine its molecule formula. Calcium ions are known as 2+ or Ca2+. The nitride-ion is N3+. In order to balance a charge, three calcium ions are needed, specifically Ca3N2, for every two nitride.

Is calcium nitride a metal?
Calcium nitride (also known as calcium and nitrogen nitride) is a solid crystalline that’s reddish brown. When the calcium burns, it forms Ca3N2 with the oxide CaO. The distilled fibrous metal calcium is heated at 450degC with a pure nitrogen stream. After 3-4 hours, the metallic calcium will nitride into calcium nitride.
Is calcium nitrate salt?
Calcium nitrate (also known as double salt) is made by adding nitric to lime and adding ammonia. It is known as double salt, because it contains two nutrients found in fertilizers that are high in sodium. This isn’t organic but an artificial fertilizer that has been modified.

How is Calcium Nitride Produced?
When the calcium is burned in the atmosphere, it forms Ca3N2 and the oxide CaO. The distilled fibrous metal calcium is heated at 450degC with a purified nitrogen stream, and after 3-4 hours the metal calcium is nitrided to calcium nitride.
According to the temperature of preparation, the calcium nitride obtained is either black (at 350degC), milky white (between 350 and 1150degC) or golden yellow (above 1150degC). Calcium nitride can be easily identified because it can react to moisture or water, producing calcium and ammonia.

Calcium Nitride: Application
Ca3N2 is used to get reactive nitride and calcium (desiccant), which can be obtained by heating calcium nitride above 350degC.

Price of Calcium Nitride Powder
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Properties of Calcium Nitride Calcium nitride This compound is made up of calcium and nitrogen. Ca3N2 has the chemical formula. It is a solid crystalline […]

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Eco-Friendly Method to Convert Silicon Waste into Nanoparticles

Most solar panels in increasing numbers are based on silicon. Solar panels with a life span of 25 to 30 years tend to degrade over time and generate less electricity, which makes the recycling of silicon waste a hot topic. If no measures are taken to recycle silicon waste, by 2050, the earth will dump 60 million tons of waste photovoltaic panels.
Led by Stanislav Evlashin, a senior research scientist at the Skoltech Center for Design, Manufacturing, and Materials (CDMM), a team of researchers demonstrated a simple, 100% effective technique that can convert silicon wafers into nanoparticles in aqueous solutions. This discovery may help create an environmentally friendly silicon recycling method without the use of toxic chemicals.
The new conversion process is controllable and can control the size of nanoparticles, which can then be reused in medicine, optics, photonics and other fields.
Use hydrothermal synthesis in an aqueous environment to convert used panels into nanoparticles. The advantage of this process is that the size of the nanoparticles can be controlled in the range of 8 to 50 nm without the use of a lot of equipment.
Nanoparticle tracking analysis for measuring the environmental impact of nanomaterial waste and pollutants

The team used three types of silicon wafers in the experiment: N-type (nitrogen-doped), P-type (phosphorus-doped), and HR (high resistivity). Their theoretical estimation is based on density functional theory and proved that Si-H bonds are formed on the surface of the HR plate, even if ammonia is not used as a catalyst.
In addition, the reaction can be accelerated with the help of additives such as boron and phosphorus dopants and molecular defects (in the case of solar panels).
The vast majority of methods used to synthesize silica nanoparticles are based on a bottom-up approach and therefore use alkoxides as precursors. In contrast, our approach is a top-down approach, using bulk silicon as the source, which creates a wealth of advantages such as simplicity, scalability, and controllable particle size distribution.
Bondareva added: “Temperature and hydrolysis time are the key parameters that affect the synthesis of particle size distribution. We noticed that the increase in pH has a great impact on the rate of particle formation. This is why we use ammonia, which makes the reaction speed is faster.”
We decided to figure out how nanoparticles are formed in this process, and so on. To this end, we used a heterogeneous nucleation model with a limited number of nucleation centers distributed on the surface of the silicon source.
About Silicon nanoparticles
Silicon nanoparticles (SiNP) are biocompatible metal-free quantum dots, including photoluminescence with customizable dimensions and surfaces. Silicon nanoparticles are composed of pure amorphous nano-silica. Less than 5 nanometers, a narrow particle size range. Nano-silicon powder is considered a new generation of optoelectronic semiconductor material having a wide bandgap semiconductor. Meanwhile, it is also a material having a high power light source.
As we all know, silicon nanoparticles are both absorptive and abrasive, and silicon nanoparticles are mesoporous, which have important applications in nanotechnology drug delivery and medicine. In the past few decades, silicon nanoparticles have attracted great attention due to their interesting physical properties, active surface state, unique photoluminescence and biocompatibility.
What are silicon nanoparticles used for?
1. The raw material of organic silicon polymer material that can react with organic matter.
2. The metal silicon is purified to produce polysilicon.
3. Metal surface treatment.
4. The alternative nano-carbon powder or graphite, as the negative electrode material of the lithium-ion battery, greatly increases the capacity of the lithium battery.
Physical and chemical properties of silicon nanoparticles
White emulsion, non-toxic, non-irritating, non-burning, PH value of 12, a density of 1.15 to 1.2. It is used for the base surface of brick, cement, gypsum, lime, paint, asbestos, perlite, insulation board, etc. with excellent waterproof and anti-seepage effect. It has the functions of preventing building weathering, freezing, cracking, exterior wall cleaning, anti-fouling, anti-mold, anti-growing, etc. ; reliable quality, good durability, acid and alkali resistance, excellent weather resistance, no corrosion to steel bars, safe use, and construction convenient. Mortar impermeability >=S14, the permeability of concrete >=S18.
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Most solar panels in increasing numbers are based on silicon. Solar panels with a life span of 25 to 30 years tend to degrade over […]

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The difference between nanoparticles and nanomaterials

What is nanopowder? Nanopowder It is also known as nanoparticle and refers to ultrafine particle sizes between 1-100nm. It’s also known as ultrafine particle. It is bigger than atomic particles and smaller than normal particles. Nanoparticles are absorbed into the human body by the outermost layer, such as the skin or the lungs. The amount of migration they undergo from the exterior to the internal depends on their physical and chemcial properties.
What’s the difference between nanomaterials & nanoparticles
Nanomaterials Refers to materials that are in the nanoscale (1nm100nm), in at most one dimension, in a 3-dimensional space. They can also be composed of these basic units. The particle diameter of 10 nanometers contains 4000 molecules and the surface-atoms are 40%. For a particle with a diameter of 1 nanometer, it contains 30 molecules and the surface-atoms are 99%.

Nano Cobalt Powder
Nano cobalt is a powder that can be gray, black or spherical. Cobalt Nanoparticles can be used for a variety applications, such as sensors, imaging and more. Cobalt is classified as a hazardous substance and can cause skin allergies. Inhalation has been shown to cause breathing difficulties and asthma symptoms.
Laser evaporation creates spherical metal particles. Cobalt does not have a high abundance, but it is found widely in soil, rocks, mineral water and oceans, as well meteorites, sunlight, star atmosphere and coal.

Applications of nanocobalt particles
1. Medical sensors
2. Biomedical imaging using magnetic resonance imaging
3. Agents of targeted drug delivery for cancer treatment
4. Textiles and high performance magnetic recording materials, as well as coatings, plastics (including nanofibers), nanowires and textiles
5. As a magnet fluid: nanoparticles containing iron, cobalt or nickel alloys.
6. Materials that absorb microwaves
7. Cobalt dioxide particles are also used in military applications. They can be used as high-performance, invisible materials which absorb ultra-high-frequency (EHF), millimeter-waves (MMW), visible and infrared lights.

How to store Nano Cobalt Particles
Powder will agglomerate if it is stored in an environment that is humid. It should therefore be vacuum-packed and kept in a place where the air is dry. Customers can customize the packaging to meet their needs.

Price of nano cobalt particle
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What is nanopowder? Nanopowder It is also known as nanoparticle and refers to ultrafine particle sizes between 1-100nm. It’s also known as ultrafine particle. It […]

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Ultrasonic Technology Can Reduce The Cost of Magnesium Diboride Superconductors

Magnesium diboride (MgB2) This is an ionic complex with a hexagonal crystalline structure. It is an intercalation-type compound, with alternate layers of magnesium or boron.
Researchers have found that the temperature at which magnesium boride transforms into a high-temperature superconductor is slightly below the absolute temperature of 233degC (40K). Its temperature of transition is about twice that of superconductors with the same type.

Many practical applications already exist for superconductivity such as magnetic levitation and medical imaging. Superconductors can be used in many other fields of technology, including medical imaging and magnetic levitation trains.

Magnesium diboride (MgB2) has been attracting the attention from researchers ever since it was discovered. It is a superconductor which offers many advantages. It is lightweight and easy to process, can be made from many pre-materials. The total cost of magnesium boride will therefore be reduced.

Superconductors are characterized by their critical current densities (Jc). The Jc of MgB2 is not easily increased in an economical manner.

In a recent paper published in Materials Science and Engineering (B) (Materials Science and Engineering), researchers from Shibaura Institute of Technology, Japan, developed a new technology that uses ultrasound treatment to improve mass. MgB2Jc.

The method used is to use ultrasonic wave to completely disperse boron. The hexane can then be vaporized and removed to obtain a fine boron, which will then be sintered with the magnesium to create magnesium boride.

Researchers produce high quality bulk magnesium borid, the majority of which are free of oxidizing impurities. The Jc values increased between 20% and 30% depending on the time of sonication.
The scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive-X-ray spectrum revealed another mechanism that could lead to an enhancement of Jc. The team discovered a layered structure on the boron-deficient por walls. This appeared to consist of a magnesium boronoxide coating.

Researchers say that this will reduce the cost and technical difficulty of superconductors. It will also make it easier to use for the public, particularly in the medical sector.

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Magnesium diboride (MgB2) This is an ionic complex with a hexagonal crystalline structure. It is an intercalation-type compound, with alternate layers of magnesium or boron. […]

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What is Boron and its application

What is boron Boron is a chemical element, and its symbol is B. Boron is a black or silver-gray solid. The content of boron in the earth’s crust is 0.001%. Crystal boron is black, the hardness is second only to diamond, and the texture is brittle. Boron is named Boron, its name is derived from Arabic, the original meaning is “flux”. It shows that the ancient Arabs already knew that borax had the ability to melt metal oxides and was used as a flux in welding.
Preparation of Boron
Firstly, sodium metaborate is obtained by decomposing magnesium borate with concentrated alkali solution, crystallizing NaBO2 in strong alkali solution, making it dissolve in water to become a more concentrated solution, adjusting the alkalinity by passing CO2 and concentrating the crystallization to obtain sodium tetraborate. Dissolve sodium tetraborate in water and adjust the acidity with sulfuric acid to precipitate the boric acid crystals with small solubility. After heating, the boric acid is dehydrated to produce boron trioxide, and after drying, crude boron is obtained by reducing B2O3 with magnesium or aluminum. The crude boron is treated with hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, and hydrogen fluoride, respectively, to obtain brown amorphous boron with a purity of 95-98%.
The purest monomeric boron is made by hydrogen reduction method: make the mixture of hydrogen and boron tribromide pass through the tantalum wire, electric heat to 1500K, boron tribromide is reduced by hydrogen at high temperature, and the generated boron becomes flake or needle-like structure on the tantalum wire.
Boron can also be obtained from the reduction of boron oxide by heating magnesium powder or aluminum powder.

Application of boron in industrials
Boron is a kind of chemical raw material mineral with a wide range of uses. It is mainly used to produce various compounds of borax, boric acid, and boron, as well as elemental boron. It is used in metallurgy, building materials, machinery, electrical appliances, chemicals, light wool, nuclear industry, medicine, agriculture, and other sectors. Important raw materials. There are more than 300 uses of boron, of which the glass industry, ceramic industry, detergents, and agricultural fertilizers are the main uses of boron, accounting for about 3/4 of the global boron consumption.
Elemental boron is used as a good reducing agent, oxidizing agent, brominating agent, blending material of organic synthesis, insulator of high voltage and high-frequency electricity and plasma arc, transmission window of radar, etc.
Boron is a trace alloy element, combined with plastic or aluminum alloy, it is an effective neutron shielding material; boron steel is used as a control rod in a reactor; boron fiber is used to make composite materials, etc. ; boron-containing additives can improve sintering in the metallurgical industry The quality of the ore reduces the melting point, reduces the expansion, and improves the strength and hardness. Boron and its compounds are also a co-solvent in the metallurgical industry and a raw material for smelting boron-iron-boron steel. Titanium boride, lithium boride, and nickel boride can be added to smelt heat-resistant special alloys; building materials. Borates and borides are important components of enamel, ceramics, and glass. They have good heat resistance and abrasion resistance, can enhance gloss and improve surface finish.
Boric acid
Zinc borate can be used as an insulating material for fireproof fibers. It is a good flame retardant and is also used in bleaching and mordant dyeing. Sodium metaborate is used in fabric bleaching. In addition, boron and its compounds can be used in paint desiccants, soldering agents, and mercury-containing wastewater treatment agents in the paper industry.
Boron exists as a trace element in quartz ore. In the purification process of high-purity quartz sand, how to reduce the boron content as much as possible becomes the key to process. The presence of boron reduces the melting point of quartz and reduces the number of uses of the prepared quartz crucible, which increases the production cost of monocrystalline silicon.
Although China is rich in boron ore resources, boron ore products can not meet the domestic economic construction needs, the domestic borax production in 2007 is about 400,000 tons, imported boron ore products 648,700 tons, a lot of dependence on imports, so a full understanding of the world market situation of boron ore products is quite important.


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What is boron Boron is a chemical element, and its symbol is B. Boron is a black or silver-gray solid. The content of boron in […]

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Si3N4 Density and Corrosion Resistance

Silicon nitride (Si3N4) is one of the toughest and most durable ceramics. It has excellent mechanical properties, high hardness, chemical and thermal shock resistance and a low coefficient of thermal expansion. This makes it suitable for applications requiring high loads and speed.

Corrosion resistance is an important characteristic of silicon nitride, especially when it comes to medical devices and implantable materials. Its resistance to corrosion is attributed to the formation of an oxide layer on the surface of the material, which provides a barrier against acidic and basic solutions. It is also resistant to molten metals and hot gases.

The atomic bonding in silicon nitride gives it a high Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio at room temperature. Its Young’s modulus is estimated at 280-290 GPa and its Poisson’s ratio at 0.22.

Its high hardness and wear resistance make Si3N4 a desirable material for tribological applications. Nevertheless, its intrinsic brittleness limits its use in many applications, such as in ball bearings and seals. In order to improve the tribological properties, particulate additions of TiB2 have been successfully used in Si3N4 matrices. Jones et al. tested the unlubricated sliding wear of hot-pressed Si3N4-40 vol%/TiB2 discs against BGSN balls in a ball-on-disc apparatus.

CVD Si3N4 coatings on RBSN and Si3N4 sintered bodies were developed in order to improve the oxidation and corrosion resistance of these two grades of silicon nitride. The results showed that RBSN with a CVD Si3N4 coating had the best performance in the oxidation and hot corrosion tests, while the SiCw/Si3N4 composite improved the bending strength and fracture toughness of the RBSN.

Silicon nitride (Si3N4) is one of the toughest and most durable ceramics. It has excellent mechanical properties, high hardness, chemical and thermal shock resistance and […]

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Photothermal therapy of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles and their custom synthesized composite materials

Fe3O4 The nanoparticles used in biomedicine are characterized by their high magnetic saturation and biocompatibility. Recently, Fe3O4 Nanoparticles attracted researchers’ attention as a type of new photothermal reagent.Fe3O4 (microspheres) clusters, compared to Fe3O4 with the same crystallization, have a superior photothermal effect. This is due in part to their stronger absorption functions within the near-infrared spectrum. Fe3O4 Microspheres also showed a greater photothermal treatment under near-infrared lights.
The photothermal properties can be further explored by utilizing Fe3O4 Researchers have found that with increasing storage time, Fe3O4 is partially oxidized to Fe2O3. They also discovered that polymer ligands are more protective than small molecule ligands. Fe3O4 becomes partially oxidized with the increase in storage time. Research has shown that polymer molecules have a greater protective effect than small-molecule ligands. They also have a strong antioxidation capability.

By oxidatively self-polymerizing dopamine (PDA), a composite core-shell microsphere structure with high biocompatibility is created by using Fe3O4 nanospheres as the core. The composite microspheres exhibit greater photothermal effects and absorption near infrared compared to Fe3O4 spheres under the same concentration. The photothermal and near-infrared effects of Fe3O4&PDA Composite Microspheres are both enhanced with increasing thickness of PDA shell.
The nanoparticles will enter the bloodstream in the body and combine quickly with different proteins to create a protein crown. This is then absorbed and eliminated by the mononuclear lymphocytes, reticuloendothelial cells, and autoimmune system. Biomimetic technology was used to create the Fe3O4 The microspheres have been coated with membranes of red blood cells (RBCs), which greatly improves their long-term circulation in the body. They also enhance the effect of photothermal therapy on the animals by enhancing the composite microspheres’ enrichment at the tumor.
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Fe3O4 The nanoparticles used in biomedicine are characterized by their high magnetic saturation and biocompatibility. Recently, Fe3O4 Nanoparticles attracted researchers’ attention as a type of […]

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