The Applications of Hafnium Diboride Powder

Overview of Hafnium Diboride Pulver
Hafnium boride This is a gray-colored crystal with metallic luster. It exhibits high conductivity and is stable in chemical properties. It is indistinguishable from all other chemical reagents at room temperature, with the exception of hydrofluoric acids. It can be prepared by heating hafnium oxide, boron carbonide, and carbon powder. It is used to make superalloys.
Hafnium Diboride has a high melting point, high hardness and excellent electrical and thermal conductivity. It also exhibits good neutron absorption properties. It can be used to make electrode materials, super-hard materials and neutron absorption substances, as well as ultra-high-temperature materials.
The applications of hafnium dioxide ceramics and composite materials have expanded with the advent of material technology. At home and abroad, it is a major R&D priority to find low-cost, high-quality hafnium dioxide powder. Hafnium Diboride is hard to sinter. To improve the sintering performance it is important to obtain ultrafine powder. While nano-powder offers superior performance, it is costly and difficult to disperse during raw materials processing. The development of submicron hafnium triboride powder has been gaining increasing attention.
Hafnium Diboride HfB2 Powder CAS 12007-23-7
What are the uses for Hafnium Diboride Powder
Hafnium Diboride in wear-resistant coats Because of its exceptional fire resistance, it can also be used in ultra high temperature composite materials (SiC) with silicon carbide. This material is more resistant to oxidation when it has been combined with silicon carbide.
Temperature and pressure determine the resistance to oxidation of hafnium-diboride. At 1500 degrees Celsius and 1 atmosphere pressure, a protective oxide of hafniumoxide is formed. HfB2’s oxidation resistance will decrease significantly if it is heated above 1600 degrees Celsius and the pressure is below 1 atmosphere. These conditions will cause the boiling temperature for B2O3 (another oxidation product of HfB2) to exceed 1400°C. A protective oxide layer will then form.
Because of its strength and thermal characteristics, HfB2 can be used in ultra high-speed reentry vehicle, such as heat shields, for intercontinental ballistic missiles, or aerodynamic fronts. HfB2 forms aerodynamic shapes unlike composite and polymers, and does not ablate during reentry.
Hafnium Diboride has been also investigated as a possibility for new materials in nuclear reactor control rods.
Hafnium-diboride is being investigated as a diffusion barrier for microchips. If the synthesis is correct the barrier thickness could be less than 7 nanometers.
The main supplier of Hafnium Diboride Powder
Tech Co., Ltd. () is a professional Boride powder Over 12 years’ experience in chemical products development and research. We accept credit cards, T/T and West Union payments. We will ship goods overseas via FedEx, DHL and by air or sea to our customers.
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Overview of Hafnium Diboride Pulver Hafnium boride This is a gray-colored crystal with metallic luster. It exhibits high conductivity and is stable in chemical properties. […]

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What is boron nitride ceramic material

What is boron-nitride? Boron Nitride crystal is part of the hexagonal crystal systems. It has a structure similar to graphite. Many similarities make it also known as “white graphite”.

Characteristics of Boron Nitride
It is excellent at resisting heat, thermal stability and thermal conductivity. This makes it an ideal heat dissipation and high-temperature insulating material. Boron Nitride is chemically stable, and it is resistant to corrosion from most molten metallics. It is also very self-lubricating. Boron nitride products can be machined up to 1/100mm accuracy and have a low hardness.
P Informance This is boron nitride
Boron nitride can also be used to make crucibles that melt semiconductors and high temperatures containers for metalurgical work, such as high-temperature containers, thermowells, and high-temperature bearings.
The most common form of boron Nitride is graphite-type structures, also known as white Graphite. Another type is called diamond type. Like the conversion of graphite into a diamond, graphite type boron is also possible to be made into diamond-type Boron Nitride at high temperatures (1800C) and high pressure (800Mpa). The boron-nitride’s B-N bond length (156pm), is comparable to that of diamond’s C/C bond length (154pm). It has the same density as diamond. It is similar in hardness to diamond, and it is more resistant to heat than diamond. It is a superhard material that can withstand high temperatures and is ideal for cutting tools, drills, and abrasives.

Boron Nitride Structure
Boron nitride has a hexagonal crystal. This is usually a graphite-type boron nitride. However, there are also amorphous varieties. Other than the hexagonal crystal form of boron carbide, there are other crystal forms. Graphene-like 2D boron nitride crystallines have also been found (similarly to MoS:2D crystals).

Tech Co., Ltd. is a Boron nitride powder supplier. It has over 12 years’ experience in chemical product development and research. We accept payments via Paypal, T/T or Credit Card. We will ship goods overseas via FedEx, DHL and by air or sea to our customers.
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What is boron-nitride? Boron Nitride crystal is part of the hexagonal crystal systems. It has a structure similar to graphite. Many similarities make it also […]

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What is Zinc Stearate Emulsion Used For?

What’s Zinc Stearate Emulsion? Zinc stearate emulsion .

Zinc Stearate is an organic matter. Its chemical formula is C36H70O4Zn. White powder insoluble in water. Soluble in hot alcohol, benzene toluene, and other organic solvents.
Primarily used to lubricate and release styrene resins, phenolic and amine resins. In rubber, it serves the role of vulcanizing and softener. Zinc Stearate can be used to heat stabilizers, greases, accelerators, thickening agents and many other purposes.
You can use it as a heat stabilizer in PVC resin. General industrial transparent products. This product can also be used for nontoxic products with calcium soap. Generally, this product has been used for soft products. But, in recent years, it is being used for hard transparent products such mineral water bottles, water pipes and other products. This product is excellent lubricity and can improve scale precipitation.

What does Zinc Stearate Emulsion do?
1. It can be used in water-based alkyds and water-soluble polyurethanes. It is an excellent transparent filler and easy to grind.

2. Water-based coating: Used for high-quality waterbased coating.

3. Water-based inks: Can be used for flatting agents, good filling, stability, and waterproof.

4. textile products: Can be used as a glaze agent to improve hydrophobicity.

Cosmetic products can be used to improve the smoothness and appearance of the surface.

6. paper industry: Can be used to waterproof, antistick, or treat specific paper, thermally coated paper, adhesive papers, and other surface waterproof coatings.

7. grinding sandpaper can be used for grinding. It improves the surface of grinding and provides wear resistance as well as water resistance.

Zinc Stearate: Why is it used in cosmetics?
Zinc Stearate is most often used as a binder for makeup products, such as eyeshadows or powders. It has excellent adhesion which helps powder to stick to skin and in the pan.

Zinc Stearate Emulsion Pricing
Price is affected by many factors, including supply and demand, industry trends and economic activity.
Send us an inquiry if you’re looking for the latest Zinc Stearate Emulsion Price. (brad@ihpa.net)

Zinc Stearate Emulsion Supplier
Technology Co. Ltd. is a trusted global supplier of chemical materials and manufacturer. With over 12 years experience, they can provide super high-quality chemicals & nanomaterials such as silicon powder.
Send us an inquiry if you’re looking for high-quality Zinc Stearate Emulsion. (brad@ihpa.net)

What’s Zinc Stearate Emulsion? Zinc stearate emulsion . Zinc Stearate is an organic matter. Its chemical formula is C36H70O4Zn. White powder insoluble in water. Soluble […]

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What is lithium sulfide and its application?

What is lithium sulfide and how can it be used? Lithium Sulfide It is a yellow to white crystal with an inverse fluorite arrangement. Li2S, which is a lithium sulfide, is the molecular formula. The molecular mass of lithium sulfide (45.95) is equal to 1.66. The melting point for lithium sulfide at 938°C is 972°C, and its boiling point at 1372°C is 1372°C. Lithium sulfide can be easily dissolved in water, ethanol and soluble in acid. It is also insoluble in alkali. Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries can use lithium sulfide as an electrolyte.
Lithium sulfide’s physical and chemical characteristics
Physical properties
You can find white or yellow crystals.
Features an anti-fluorite design
The specific gravity of 1.66 (water = 1), 938degC melting point, and 1372degC boiling point are the values.
Water soluble, soluble, ethanol soluble, soluble, acid soluble, insoluble, alkali insoluble.
Chemical nature
Lithium sulfide is able to absorb water vapor from the air and hydrolyzes, releasing highly poisonous hydrogen sulfide.
Separating lithium sulfide with acid can liberate hydrogen sulfuride. It can also react violently to nitric acids, but it can only be decomposed by heating it. Hydrobromic acid or hydroiodic can do this. It reacts slowly and violently with concentrated sulfuric, but not with dilute. It reacts slowly with concentrated sulfuric acid when heated to around 300 degrees Celsius in the atmosphere. But it doesn’t produce sulfur dioxide. Instead, it produces lithium sulfate.

Preparation for lithium sulfide
You can prepare lithium sulfide in a number of ways. In the past, sulfur and lithium were heated together to react. Then carbon or hydrogen could be used to reduce lithium-sulfate with heating to create lithium sulfide. Later it was discovered that both lithium and sulfur could act in liquid ammonia. Also, lithium ethoxide is capable of decomposing the ethanol adduct to lithium hydrosulfide. Some people used hydrogen sulfide (lithium pentoxide) to prepare lithium hydrogen, sulfide. They then used vacuum heating to melt the lithium hydrogen, sulfide.
Anhydrous lithium sulfide is a high-quality product that can be made by reacting metallic lithium and hydrogen sulfide with tetrahydrofuran.
Application of lithium sulfide
Lithium sulfide is mostly used as an electrolyte in rechargeable lithium ion batteries.
Precautions and storage of lithium sulfide
Lithium Sulfide is able to absorb water vapor from the air and hyrolyzes it, releasing highly toxic hydrogen sulfuride gas. It must be kept at room temperatures in a dry, dark area.
Hydrogen sulfuride can cause slight harm to water bodies. Avoid exposing large quantities or undiluted products to groundwater or sewers. Do not let materials go into the environment.
The irritation from lithium sulfide
The skin: Itching of the skin and mucous membranes
Irritation: The effects above the eyes
Sensitization: There is no known sensitization

(aka. Technology Co. Ltd. (aka. The Lithium Nitride Our company’s products are high in purity, fine particle size, and impurity. Please Please contact us if necessary.

What is lithium sulfide and how can it be used? Lithium Sulfide It is a yellow to white crystal with an inverse fluorite arrangement. Li2S, […]

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What is Inconel 625 Alloy?

Introduction to Inconel625 Alloy Inconel 625 It is a high-performance product nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy This alloy is known for its strength, resistance to temperature and resistance to corrosion. Superalloys are primarily composed of nickel (min. 58%, followed closely by chromium (min.

Inconel 625 Alloy Composition
Nickel (Ni). 58.0 min (Si Silicon) Max 0.50
(Cr.) Chromium 20.0 – 23.0 (C) Carbon Maximal 0.40
(Fe Iron) Maximum of 5.0 (Ti) Titanium Maximal 0.40
(Mo.) Molybdenum 8.0 to 10.0 Aluminum (Al). Max 0.10
(Nb+Ta) Niobium+Tantalum 3.15 to 4.15 (Phosphorus) Max. 0.015
(Co) Cobalt* Maximum of 1.0 (Sulfur Max. 0.015
(Mn) Manganese Max 0.50

Inconel 625 Alloy Properties
Extraordinary material strength
Inconel 625 has a strength that is due not only to the NiCr matrix, but also the hardening mechanism between niobium & molybdenum. The interaction between niobium, molybdenum makes the alloy matrix stronger and offers high strength without precipitation. The alloy has a yield strength of 690 MPa and a tensile resistance of 275 MPa.
High temperature resistance
The Inconel 625 has an approximate melting point of 1300degC, and a thermal extension coefficient of 1.28×10-5/K (at 20degC). It is highly resistant to extreme temperatures from very low to very high.
Inconel 625 is formed naturally by a protective layer when it is treated with an oxidizer at high temperatures. The titanium and the niobium elements of the oxide film on Inconel 625 are dramatically increased in presence of an oxidizer at very high temperature.
The corrosion resistance
Inconel 625 is extremely resistant to corrosive substances due to the unique combination it contains. This is why the superalloy performs well in salty water, particularly in milder environments like freshwater.
Nickel-chromium’s nickel-chromium substrate protects Inconel 625 from oxidants. The material is also protected from pitting by molybdenum. 15% sulfuric acid has a min. Material corrosion occurs at 0.188mm per annum in 15% sulfuric acid.
High production capability
Inconel 625 was developed to be more weldable than other alloys. There are no signs of cracking after welding, and it is resistant to heat and strain. This superalloy is excellent for welding pipe, piping and other equipment.
Inconel 625 Alloy Powder Properties
Other Names INCO 625
Appearance Metallic powder
Melting Point 1290-1350 degC
Density 8.44g/cm3
3D Printing Inconel Alloy In625 Powder

Inconel 625 Alloy Application
Inconel 625, a material that can be used in steam pipes, was created in the 1960s. To make it more resistant to creep and easier to weld, some modifications were made to the original composition. Inconel 625 has been used in a variety of industries including the chemical processing industry as well as in marine and nuclear applications to produce pumps, valves and other high pressure equipment.
Inconel alloy 625 has remarkable resistance to corrosion and oxidation. It can withstand extreme stresses in water and at a wide temperature range. It also resists corrosion when exposed to high acidic environments.
Alloy 625 has many applications in various industries such as automotive, marine and aerospace, oil and gaz, chemical processing and nuclear. Heat exchangers, bellows and expansion joints are some of the most common applications.

Inconel 625 Alloy Powder Price
Price is affected by many factors, including supply and demand, industry trends and economic activity.
If you’re looking for the best, latest Inconel 625 Alloy powder price You can email us to request a quote. (brad@ihpa.net)

Inconel 625 Alloy Powder Supplier
Technology Co. Ltd. is a trusted global supplier and manufacturer of chemicals and nanomaterials. They have over 12 years experience in producing super high-quality chemicals.
Send us an inquiry if you’re looking for Inconel 625 Alloy Powder of high quality. (brad@ihpa.net)

Introduction to Inconel625 Alloy Inconel 625 It is a high-performance product nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy This alloy is known for its strength, resistance to temperature and resistance […]

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Sorbitan sesquioleate CAS 8007-43-0

About Sorbitan sesquioleate:
Sorbitan Sesquioleate is a kind of non-ionic surfactant with emulsification, stability, lubrication, thickening and other properties, belonging to W/O type emulsifier.
Tungstenmolybdenummetals is a trusted global Sorbitan sesquioleate. Feel free to send an inquiry to get the latest price of Sorbitan sesquioleate.  If you would like to buy Sorbitan sesquioleate in bulk.

Product Performance of Sorbitan sesquioleate:

Sorbitan sesquioleate is soluble in ethanol, ethyl acetate, petroleum ether and toluene, a little soluble in cotton seed oil, mineral oil, tetrachloroethylene, isopropyl alcohol, insoluble in water. It has emulsification, stability, lubrication, thickening and other properties, is a W/O type emulsifier.


Technical Parameter of Sorbitan sesquioleate:

Product nameAcid (mg KOH/g)Saponification (mg KOH/g)Hydroxyl (mg KOH/g)Water contentAppearance
Sorbitan sesquioleate ≤14 143-165 182-220 ≤1.0Yellow to amber viscous oily liquid


Application of Sorbitan sesquioleate:

Sorbitan sesquioleate is used as emulsifier, solvent, stabilizer, softener and antistatic agent in cosmetic, textile and paint industries.


Packing & Shipping of Sorbitan sesquioleate:
We have many different kinds of packing which depend on Sorbitan sesquioleate quantity.
Sorbitan sesquioleate packing: 1kg/bottle, 25kg/barrel, or 200kg/ barrel.
Sorbitan sesquioleate shipping: could be shipped out by sea, by air, by express as soon as possible once payment receipt.

Sorbitan sesquioleate CAS 8007-43-0插图

Sorbitan sesquioleate Properties

Other nameSpan 83
CAS No.8007-43-0
Compound FormulaC66H126O16
Molecular Weight1175.70
AppearanceYellow to amber viscous oily liquid
Melting PointN/A
Boiling PointN/A
DensityN/A
Solubility in H2ON/A
Exact MassN/A
Sorbitan sesquioleate Health& Safety Information
Signal WordN/A
Hazard StatementsN/A
Hazard CodesN/A
Risk CodesN/A
Safety StatementsN/A
Transport InformationN/A
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About Sorbitan sesquioleate:Sorbitan Sesquioleate is a kind of non-ionic surfactant with emulsification, stability, lubrication, thickening and other properties, belonging to W/O type emulsifier.Tungstenmolybdenummetals is a […]

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7Li NMR Spectroscopy in Crystalline Li7PSe6

Lithium-7 is a key atom in power reactors for controlling pH levels of the coolant. It is also used for producing medical research radioisotope Be-7, and in thermonuclear weapons.

Li-7 has two useful nuclei: li6 and li7, both of which are quadrupolar. They differ in sensitivity, broadening, and symmetry.

li6 has a spin of one and yields sharp signals but has low sensitivity. li7 has a spin of 1.6 and is more sensitive. Moreover, li7 has a higher quadrupolar moment so its signals are broader.

This makes li7 an important cosmological probe. It is found to be intact in halo stars and li6/li7 ratios are a strong boundary condition for the spallation of rapid particles in the early Galaxy.

7Li NMR spectroscopy in crystalline li7PSe6

The influence of local electric structures and self-diffusion on the Li dynamic in crystalline argyrodite, a promising material for all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries, is investigated by temperature-variable 7Li NMR spectroscopy combined with spin-lattice relaxation (SLR) measurements performed in the rotating frame of reference. The SLR rates log10(R1r) reveal asymmetric diffusion-induced rate peaks with activation energies as high as 0.49 eV, corresponding to long-range jump diffusion.

These results suggest that Li hopping motions are present on different length scales in the argyrodite. This can be inferred from the asymmetric peaks of SLR rates, which are correlated across the angular scale of rotation. Besides, this study reveals that SLR measurements in the rotating frame of reference can be highly suited to obtain insights into short as well as long-range hopping Li dynamics in a solid.

Lithium-7 is a key atom in power reactors for controlling pH levels of the coolant. It is also used for producing medical research radioisotope Be-7, […]

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What is the Melting Point of Baking Soda?

what is the melting point of baking soda?

Baking soda, also known as sodium bicarbonate or NaHCo3, is a white powder that is often used in recipes for baking and other purposes. This chemical has several physical and chemical properties that make it useful in many science experiments.

what is the melting point of baking soda?

The melting point of baking soda is the temperature at which the atoms in the baking soda dissolve into water. When the baking soda is in a powder-like state, it can be dangerous to handle without proper safety precautions.

How does the melting point of baking soda affect your science experiment?

When baking soda is mixed with water, it releases carbonic acid that breaks down into carbon dioxide gas. This gas is released into the air and makes the baking soda fizzes, creating bubbles and foam as it travels through the water.

Why is the melting point of baking soda different than the boiling point?

The melting point of sodium bicarbonate is higher than the boiling point because it is an alkaline substance. This is why you see it in many cooking recipes and cleaning products as well as toothpaste, soaps and deodorants.

How is the melting point of baking soda different from the pH?

The pH of a solution is a number that measures the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+). When baking soda is in a liquid form, it has a pH of 8.3 and is alkaline.

what is the melting point of baking soda?Baking soda, also known as sodium bicarbonate or NaHCo3, is a white powder that is often used in […]

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What is Molybdenum Silicide MoSi2 Powder?

Introduction to Molybdenum Silicide MoSi2 Pulp Molybdenum silicide In 1906, it was discovered. In different circumstances, silicon and molybdenum may form molybdenum trisilicide, molybdenum pentasilicate, and molybdenum silicate (Mo3Si2). Molybdenum trisilicide (MoSi2) – a Dalton type intermetallic compound – is the most important. The excellent high-temperature essential qualities of the atomic combination found in its crystal structure show coexistence between metal bonds and covalent bond.
Molybdenum Disilicide It is an organic compound. The chemical formula for MoSi2 is gray metal solid. Although insoluble in most acids it is soluble in nitric and hydrofluoric acids. Both types of atoms have the same radii as well as electronegativity. This is similar to metal or ceramic. Molybdenum Disilicide The surface is electrically conductive and at high temperatures forms an oxide layer of silicon dioxide to protect it from further oxidation.
It can be used in high-temperature, oxidation-resistant coatings, electric heating elements and integrated electrode films, as well as structural materials, composite reinforcements, wear-resistant materials and other fields.

Molybdenum silicicide MoSi2 MoPi2 Powder – Physical Properties
MoSi2 refers to a type of intermediate phase that has the highest silicon content in Mo-Si’s binary alloy system. This is a Dalton-type intermetallic composition with a fixed structure. It is a type of high-temperature material that exhibits both ceramic and metal properties. High-temperature oxidation resistance and oxidation resistant temperature up to 1600 with SiC equivalent; Moderate densities (6.24g/cm3). Low thermal expansion coefficient (8.10-6K-1); Excellent electric conductivity. Higher brittleness and ductile transition temperatures (1000), below the hardbrittleness of ceramics. It is a metal-like soft material above 1000. MoSi2 is used primarily as a heating element, integrated circuits, high temperature oxidation-resistant coating and high-temperature structure material.
MoSi2 consists of silicon and molybdenum bonded with metal bonds. While silicon and silicon can be bonded by covalent bond, silicon and molybdenum are bonded via metal bonds. Molybdenum disilicide can be described as a gray tetragonal stone. It is insoluble with most mineral acids (including aqua-roya), but is soluble and can be used to heat an oxidation atmosphere at high temperatures (1700).
An oxidizing atmosphere forms a protective layer on the surface quartz glass (SiO2) that has been heated to high temperatures. This prevents continuous oxidation. SiO2 protective layer is formed when the temperature of heating element exceeds 1700. It thickens at the melting point 1710 and is fused with SiO2 to create molten dropslets. Its surface-extending ability causes it to lose its protective properties. The protective film is formed again when the element is continuously exposed to the oxidant. Due to the high oxidation at low temperatures, this element can’t be used for extended periods of time at 400-700.
Molybdenum Silicide MoSi2 Powder Properties
Other names molybdenum disilicide (MoSi2 Powder)
No. 12136-78-6
Formula compound MoSi2
Molecular Weight 152.11
Appearance From gray to black powder
Melting Point 1900-2050 degC
Boiling Point N/A
Density 6.23-6.31g/cm3
Solubility of H2O N/A
Exact Mass 153.859261
Molybdenum Siliconicide MoSi2 MoSi2 powder CAS 12136-878-6

Molybdenum Siicide MoSi2 Powder Applications
MoSi2 can be found in many heating elements. Heating elements with molybdenum diilicide Can be used at temperatures as high as 1800 degrees Celsius for electric furnaces. These furnaces are used in laboratories, production environments in glass, steel and ceramics. They also can be used for heat treating of materials. These components are not only brittle but can also operate at high power and without aging. Their resistivity doesn’t increase with time.

Main supplier of Molybdenum Silicide MoSi2 Pulp
Technology Co. Ltd. is a trusted global supplier of chemical material and manufacturer. They have over 12 years experience in producing super high-quality chemicals, Nanomaterials, such as silicon powder.
High-quality products are what you want molybdenum silicide, MoSi2 Powder Please feel free and contact us to send an inquiry. (brad@ihpa.net)

Introduction to Molybdenum Silicide MoSi2 Pulp Molybdenum silicide In 1906, it was discovered. In different circumstances, silicon and molybdenum may form molybdenum trisilicide, molybdenum pentasilicate, […]

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Is There a Material Stronger Than Diamond?

Diamonds have always been regarded as the most hard and durable material on Earth, so much so that it has become a symbol of status and desirability. But it may soon lose its crown, thanks to a rare natural substance that’s 58 percent harder than diamond.

A mineral’s hardness is based on how well it resists scratching or other surface deformations, as measured by its hardness on the Mohs scale. Diamonds are incredibly hard due to their crystalline structure, with five carbon atoms sharing electrons with four other atoms to form a tetrahedral crystal.

There are several other minerals that are also stronger than diamond, including boron nitride and silicon carbide. But both are difficult to create, as they only occur naturally in extreme heat and pressure of volcanic eruptions.

So, if scientists were able to create an artificial material that is 58 times harder than diamond, it would be very exciting! But before that could happen, we would need to understand what makes these materials so hard.

In the case of wurtzite boron nitride, this is because it is made up of different atoms than diamond. Unlike diamond, wurtzite boron can undergo structural phase transformations when under compressive pressures. This conserves volume by flipping its atomic bonds in response to the stress of the compression, says Zicheng Pan at Shanghai Jiao Tong University and colleagues in a study published today in Physical Review Letters.

A similar substance, called lonsdaleite, is even harder than wurtzite boron. It’s also obtained from graphite-rich meteorites and is 58% stronger than wurtzite boron.

Diamonds have always been regarded as the most hard and durable material on Earth, so much so that it has become a symbol of status […]

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