Tag: properties

The Mechanical Properties of Magnesium Alloy Alloys

Magnesium alloys are used in a wide range of applications, including cladding fuel rods in nuclear power reactors. The optimum magnesium content for cladding purposes is 80%-90% magnesium with a maximum aluminium content of 10-12 wt.%, although other Al content ranges are possible.

The mechanical properties of cast and wrought Mg alloys are very similar to those of aluminum. The tensile strength is largely the same as in aluminum, and the modulus of elasticity is also very similar to that of pure aluminium for alloys up to 5 wt.% magnesium; however, it is generally lower at higher Mg contents.

Fatigue resistance increases with increasing magnesium content. This is because, unlike in aluminum, magnesium atoms are not able to disperse easily and remain in the matrix throughout the entire length of the specimen.

Corrosion resistant behaviour of cast Mg-Al-RE alloys is usually improved by the addition of alloying elements such as chromium, nickel, copper, titanium and molybdenum. These additions do not affect the ductility, creep and heat resistance of these alloys; however, they may influence the microstructure and surface quality of the alloy, thereby decreasing the corrosion resistance.

Despite the increased magnesium content, these alloys are not particularly easy to cast. The optimum fluidity of the melt is usually achieved at around 4 wt.% Al, although mischmetal can be added to improve the machinability of these alloys.

In addition, the microstructures of these alloys are affected by cooling rate, as shown in Table 3. For both investigated alloys the solid fraction at the dendrite coherency point determined from the second derivative of the cooling curve increases with an increase in Mg content and cooling rate.

Magnesium alloys are used in a wide range of applications, including cladding fuel rods in nuclear power reactors. The optimum magnesium content for cladding purposes […]

The Properties, Classification And Uses of Graphite

The Uses, Classification and Properties of Graphite Graphite, a valuable resource of nonmetallic minerals, is also an alotrope of carbon. Its various crystalline forms make it useful in many industries. This industry uses graphite in the separation of flaky and crystalline graphite. Mineralogy states that graphite generally refers to crystalline. But cryptocrystalline graphite is a type of crystalline. A cryptocrystalline graphite can be seen with an electron microscope. There are many classification methods that can yield different results. This article is about industrial classification methods. They have more to do with graphite industry application.

The graphite class
There are two kinds of crystalline graphite. Because they are larger than 1mm in size, scale-like graphite dioxide crystals can be more challenging to crystallize. The range is between 0.051.5mm and 0.095mm. The largest (mostly aggregated) crystals can be found at 510mm. The largest raw material to produce graphene or expanded graphite, large flake graphite, is required. Large flake graphite, which is also essential to the growth of the industry and product development, is crucial. Large quantities of graphite can be found in many countries, including Heilongjiang (Inner Mongolia), Shandong. Hubei and other locations. Massive graphite refers to dense crystalline graphite. It is composed of between 60% and 66% carbon. Some rare exceptions exist. It’s usually anywhere from 80% to 98%. Flake graphite is more plastic than this, but it has a lower level of plasticity. Also known as cryptocrystalline, or amorphous graphite. This graphite exhibits a dull, earthy appearance and lower lubricity. A very high quality graphite is possible. You can get it from 60 to 80%. A few samples may reach 90%. Some samples could reach 90%. Between 1% and 22% are the volatile and non-volatile levels. Although the moisture level ranges between 2.2%-7.7%, it is both volatile and volatile. The technology for graphite purification will improve due to the superior quality of this product. The demand for cryptocrystalline graphite could increase.
Graphite is used for many purposes. Because graphite has a unique internal structure, there are many uses. Graphite can be described as a type crystalline form of carbon having a hexagonal layered structural structure. The distances between the layers make it easy to slip. Graphite has a low hardness, high lubricity and is well-known. A graphite structure is composed of only 3 covalent bonds between the C atoms. In each Catom, one electron transport charges is retained. Conductivity is produced by graphite. You can calculate temperature conductivity by measuring the intensity of free electron momentum.
Graphite properties, main characteristics and other special features. Temperature is a factor that affects the strength of graphite. Graphite has a 100 percent increase in strength every year from 2000 to now. Graphite has a lower thermal conductivity than other non-metallic minerals. It boasts a 100-fold higher electrical conductivity. Its thermal conductivity is higher than that of steel, iron, and lead. Thermal conductivity falls with increasing temperature. Graphite can be used for high-temperature insulation. The size of the graphite crystals determines how lubricious they are. Granular graphite flakes larger in size will have greater lubrication capabilities. It’s very chemically stable. It is stable against acid, alkali, and organic solvent erosion. You can even cut the material into extremely thin pieces. The material is extremely flexible. The material is highly resistant to heat shock. The material can be used at regular temperatures, and it is resistant to high temperature fluctuations.
On the basis of how big the flakes, graphite is divided into three categories. There are differences in graphite crystallization as well as scale sizes and many other properties. Large scales used to be more desirable in graphite. As people continue to demand small graphite flakes and lithium-ion anide material, their value will grow.
According to genetic types, China’s graphite deposits can be divided into sedimentary-metamorphic and magmatic hydrothermal fluids. There are two main deposits types: contact metamorphism or regional metamorphism. Some graphite deposits have a small size, and little industrial value. These include those found within the tectonic cracked zone graphite or in secondary accumulation layer graphite.
Uses of graphite
Graphite is mainly employed in traditional industrial sectors such as the chemical and machine industries. It’s used for anti-corrosion and heat conduction. The main uses of natural graphite are ironmaking and steelmaking. But, synthetic graphite is also used to make an electric furnace steelmaking electrode. For an increase in carbon, synthetic graphite is also possible to be added to molten iron.

Graphite, a strategic mineral that was discovered in England during the 16th century, was used for its first time. Technology and science are improving, so applications for graphite are more common. In 2010, scientists discovered graphene. Over time, extensive graphite research has taken place. Graphene’s unique properties make it a valuable resource, both for energy and optical applications. Graphite has been gaining greater interest. Graphite applications have expanded beyond traditional fields and are moving into strategic areas such as aerospace, energy and the environment.

Luoyang Tech Co. Ltd. has more than 12 year’s experience in the field of chemical product research, development, and production. You can contact our team for any questions or to provide graphite with high quality.

The Uses, Classification and Properties of Graphite Graphite, a valuable resource of nonmetallic minerals, is also an alotrope of carbon. Its various crystalline forms make […]

Ferrocene Properties

Ferrocene is the first organometallic compound of the general class metallocene. It was discovered in the middle of the 20th century and is now an enduring favorite among organic chemists.

It is an orange, air stable solid that sublimes on heating and is soluble in normal organic solvents. In the presence of phosphoric acid, it is also a good catalyst in the Friedel-Crafts reaction.

A symmetric and uncharged species, ferrocene has a molecular formula of Fe(e5-C5H5)2 with a single iron 2+ ion sandwiched between two cyclopentadienyl rings in a staggered conformation as shown in Figure 6. This configuration is similar to the staggered configuration in decamethylmetallocenes such as ruthenocene (light yellow, mp 199degC) and osmocene (white, mp 229degC).

In the vapour state, the iron atom is eclipsed by the cyclopentadienyl ring, but x-ray diffraction studies show that it is still held in this staggered structure when crystalline.

Unlike ruthenocene and osmocene, however, the iron atom is not squeezed between the cyclopentadienyl groups but is instead “sandwiched” by the two cyclopentadienyl bonds.

This unusual symmetry, despite the fact that both the iron and the cyclopentadienyl molecules are neutral, makes ferrocene very tolerant to oxidation. The oxidation is reversible, however, and this redox property is the major reason that ferrocene is so widely used in a number of applications, including optical devices, batteries, sensing, catalysis, and medicine.

A number of diacetylated ferrocene derivatives have been synthesized and characterized using NMR and IR spectroscopy. Those with the closest carbonyl positions (i.e., 1,1′-diacetylated ferrocene) are the first to elute from a chromatography column, followed by those with the farthest carbonyl positions.

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Ferrocene is the first organometallic compound of the general class metallocene. It was discovered in the middle of the 20th century and is now an […]

Thermoelectric Properties of Copper Sulfide

Copper sulfide is a common mineral which exhibits varying electrochemical and oxidative behaviors, depending on its crystal structure. These differences can lead to a variety of applications including hydrometallurgy, bioleaching and flotation.

The crystalline solids of copper sulfide have been found to be useful in the production of thermoelectric materials because of their mixed (e-, Cu+) conducting properties and low calcination temperatures required. These properties ease synthesis and reduce the CO2 footprint.

Unlike oxides, which require high calcination temperatures to form, copper sulfides are able to be formed from the elements at much lower temperatures, even in air at room temperature. They also exhibit a high degree of thermal stability and have a wide variety of physical properties such as ionic conductivity, chemical inertness and electrical insulation.

Chalcopyrite, the most common copper sulfide, crystallizes in a tetragonal system with each metal atom coordinated by a S atom. The tetragonal crystal system is a natural form of asymmetry which has been found in a number of other minerals including quartz and pyrite.

The tetragonal structure is associated with low lattice thermal conductivity and good thermoelectric figures of merit at a range of potentials. This results in an ideal model for transition-metal chalcogenide thermoelectric materials.

In order to further understand the effect of the tetragonal structure on diffusion, we measured the resistances Rint, Rpore and Rdep for potentials of -0.80 V/SCE on static electrodes with different tetrahedral sulfur doping (SH-) concentrations. As shown in Figure 2, the values of Rpore decreased for both the pore and deposit at higher potentials, which is consistent with the larger currents observed in the polarization curves.

Copper sulfide is a common mineral which exhibits varying electrochemical and oxidative behaviors, depending on its crystal structure. These differences can lead to a variety […]

The Influence of the Formation Process on the Structure and Thermal Properties of Copper Nitride

Copper nitride (Cu3N) layers exhibit promising physical properties. Their structural and electrical properties are similar to those of semiconductors. However, the chemical and thermal properties of copper nitride remain unresolved. Hence, the objective of this research was to study the influence of the formation process on the structure and thermal properties of Cu3N.

We investigated N-rich copper nitride thin films before and after annealing. The morphology and structural properties of these films were analyzed by XRD and AFM. These studies were performed at different flow rates and partial pressures. The results were in agreement with the theoretical predictions.

Our results showed that the concentration of reactive nitrogen species decreased with increasing target-substrate distance. This decrease could be caused by a decrease in the activity of N2 in the gas-phase recombination of sputtered N species.

The growth chemistry of copper nitride was studied at various substrate temperatures and target-substrate distances. For example, a change in the distance of the target-substrate was measured in order to identify the critical decomposition temperature of the material.

The result showed that a large amount of Cu and N atoms formed an N-rich orientation at a higher N2 partial pressure. This N-rich phase exhibited a large lattice constant and retained a cubic structure.

The grain size of Cu3N thin films was also studied. The results showed that the smallest grains were observed at the shortest target-substrate distance. High partial pressures increased the size of the grains, which resulted in a sharp grain boundary.

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TZM Metal

tzm metal is a molybdenum-zirconium-titanium alloy with high strength, good mechanical properties, low vapor pressure and corrosion resistance. It is widely used in military, aerospace and high-temperature structures pieces.

Typical applications of TZM are in nozzle throat linings, gas pipelines, heat sinks and furnace parts. Various grades of TZM are available, with specific hardness and temperature requirements.

Characterization and Properties of TZM Alloy:

Generally, TZM alloy is prepared by the addition of 0.5% titanium, 0.08% zirconium and 0.002% carbon. It has high melting point, excellent mechanical properties, small linear expansion coefficient, and strong corrosion-resistance.

The chemical composition of the TZM alloy was determined by X-ray powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was found that the main content was molybdenum, with the amount of titanium and zirconium being less than the percentage of molybdenum.

Physical and Mechanical Properties of TZM Alloy:

The properties of TZM alloy were studied under a variety of conditions. These include Charpy impact tests of In-exposed and unexposed TZM at different test temperatures, tensile tests of In-exposed TZM at 22 degC and 800 degC, and corrosion resistance testing of TZM in liquid Li at varying test temperatures.

The fracture toughness of In-exposed TZM samples was comparable to that of unexposed reference TZM samples from the same material stock at all testing temperatures. Moreover, In-exposed TZM showed a higher ductile fracture toughness, compared to the Charpy impact test results.

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tzm metal is a molybdenum-zirconium-titanium alloy with high strength, good mechanical properties, low vapor pressure and corrosion resistance. It is widely used in military, aerospace […]

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