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iron foam is a porous metal that can be made from many different types of metal. It can be incredibly light and strong, while also having the ability to absorb shock. It is often used in cars, where it helps absorb energy during crashes. It can also be used in trains, where it helps protect the front of the train from impact when it collides with another train. It is also often used as a material for heat insulation and vibration damping.
The way it is made is pretty simple. A metal is melted, then a blowing agent (usually titanium hydride) is added to the molten metal. This causes hydrogen gas to be blown into the molten metal, creating a foam. The foam can then be cooled and removed from the container for further processing. The process can be done with any type of metal, although it is more common with aluminum or steel.
Once the foam has been formed, it can be cut and shaped into various shapes. It can then be coated with other materials, such as carbon or titanium. This allows the metal foam to perform even better, and can help with things like thermal conductivity or acoustic properties.
Metal foams have been under a lot of study in the past couple of decades. They are very interesting materials with a number of benefits over solid metals, such as minimal weight and stiffness, increased flexibility, tuned vibration frequency, and increased mechanical damping. The mechanical behaviour of these materials is especially interesting under compression loading, as they have very different properties to solid metals. Vealy (2010) studied the stress-strain curves of foamed metal specimens, and found that they have distinct regions in their deformation behaviour.