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Study on the requirement of organic primer for titanium dioxide in the plastics industry

As a white pigment filler of high quality, has a variety of uses. It can be used in plastic profiles, paints (emulsion, powder, and sand), paper making, cosmetics, and chemical fiber. It can be used with both the solvent and water system. The different application and application systems have additional requirements in selecting organic coatings agents. Traditional TMP and peg are no longer sufficient to meet these requirements. They also have some negative effects, like the bubble problem. Depending on the different USES for titanium dioxide, different organic treating agents are needed to achieve a satisfactory effect in the application. In addition to the different USES for titanium dioxide, there are also differences in titanium dioxide application performance requirements.
Plastics – Requirements on titanium dioxide
1. High viscosity extrusion/dispersion lubricant
As plastic products become stronger and cheaper, they add more color filler. However, as the resin proportion decreases and compatibility between components becomes more challenging, it can cause the surface to be rough and uneven in color. Consider the colormasterbatch that is commonly used in plastics: it’s made by extrusion of titanium dioxide and granulation after being kneaded with high temperature organic resin such as polyethylene wax or high-pressure polyester. It is necessary to use the least amount of carrier resin to moisten the most titanium dioxide possible in order to achieve a high-concentration white masterbatch. This will avoid a lower resin compatibility when applied. In order to produce masterbatches, titanium dioxide must have excellent surface wetting and lubricating properties. If not, it is difficult to granulate or disperse.

2. Temperature/weather Resistance
Before processing or forming, the vast majority of plastics products, regardless of their type, processing method, and resin used, must be in high-temperature melt with titanium dioxide and additives. Processing temperatures for plastics are around 200 degrees, or higher. The decomposition of some components at this temperature will cause pigment migration, porosity and a serious impact on the physical strength and surface quality of plastic products. Each component of the formula must have excellent temperature resistance. For plastics used outdoors or in a healthy light environment (such a plastic films, electrical appliances, etc.), the UV resistance of each component must be taken into consideration. In PVC products, a stabilizer containing lead is added. This type of stabiliser is easily reacted with other active chemical substances at high temperature and produces black substances. Lead stabilizers cannot react with organic coating agents on titanium dioxide surfaces.

3. Dry powder fluidity/moisture resistant
As more factories adopt continuous production line for plastics products, raw materials related to them (such as fillers, resins and pigments) are also metering continuously using transmission belt or vibratory leakage sieve. Imagine that the flow rate of titanium dioxide dry is low. The powder will then get stuck in the belt of the transmission or block the screen, making it impossible to accurately measure and add titanium dioxide.

( Tech Co., Ltd. ) is an Titanium oxide professional manufacturer with 12 years’ experience in chemical research and product development. Contact us to send an inquiry if you are interested in high-quality Titanium oxide.

As a white pigment filler of high quality, has a variety of uses. It can be used in plastic profiles, paints (emulsion, powder, and sand), […]

The Knowledge of Ceramic Powder Properties And Ceramic Powder Applications

Ceramic powder A heterogeneous material composite composed of metals or alloys and one or more ceramic phases.
Cermets are usually ceramic phases of high melting point oxides, such as Al2O3, BeO and ZrO3. ), nitrides (TiN, BN, Si3N4, etc. ), carbides (TiC, WC, etc. ), borides (TiB2, ZrB2, etc.) The metal phase consists mainly of Ti and Cr. Other metals can be used, either alone or in combination, as well.

Based on the type of ceramic, cermets fall into five main categories: carbide, oxide, carbonitride, boride, graphite, or diamond carbide.

Ceramic Powder Properties

As a high temperature material between high temperature alloys and ceramics, ceramic powder combines both the toughness and plasticity (of metals) and the melting point, corrosion and wear resistance (of ceramics).

It is extremely resistant against high temperatures. Its strength can even be maintained at 1200degC. It won’t melt when heated and won’t decompose till 1900degC. It has an amazing chemical resistance, and is also a high-performance electrical insulating material.

Applications for Ceramic Powder

1. Aerospace
Aerospace cermets offer a lot of potential for further development, due to the harsh environment and technical requirements, such as high temperatures, wear resistance, strength, and stability. Ceramic powder can be used in the manufacture of stationary rings and valves for aerospace or aviation engines. It has excellent abrasion and high-temperature resistance.

2. Manufacturing and Processing Fields
The ceramic powder’s high hardness and wear resistance, as well as its good toughness and oxidation-resistance, make it an indispensable material in the manufacturing and processing industry, particularly in measuring and cutting tools.

3. Other areas
In addition to the high temperature and corrosion resistant ceramic powders used in other industries, they are also used as high temperature crucibles or high temperature parts in metallurgy, wear-resistant high temperature and temperature resistant parts in machinery, thermionic casthodes in electronics, etc.

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Ceramic powder A heterogeneous material composite composed of metals or alloys and one or more ceramic phases. Cermets are usually ceramic phases of high melting […]

The Properties And Application of Tungsten trioxide

What is Tungstentrioxide?
Tungsten Trioxide is a light-yellow triclinic powder. If the temperature rises above 740degC it becomes orange tetragonal molecules, which then return to its original state upon cooling. It is stable when in air with a melting and boiling point above 1750degC.
Tungsten trioxide, the most stable type of tungsten dioxide, is a solid. It is insoluble with water and other inorganic acid except hydrofluoric. It can be dissolved into a hot, concentrated sodium hydroxide mixture and ammonia in order to create soluble tungstate. It can be oxidized by H2 at temperatures above 650 and by C when the temperature is 10001100.

Tungsten Trioxide Application:

Tungsten Trioxide is widely used in the daily life. The tungstate is commonly used in the production of industrial X-ray screen and fireproof fabrics. Due to the yellow pigments it contains, tungsten is also used in ceramics.
Tungsten Trioxide was used to produce electrochromic and smart windows. These windows are the glass for the electric switch, as well as the light transmission performance and applied voltage change. It is possible to tint windows by changing the amount of light or heat.
Some tungsten oxide can be used to make chemical products like paints and coatings or petroleum industry catalysts. The tungsten-oxide intermediate is used to make metal tungsten powders and tungsten carbide powders. These are used later in the manufacture of metal tungsten items. Cemented carbide of different grades and uses are produced.

Tungsten Trioxide, due to its outstanding electrical and thermal properties, is widely used as a semiconductor electronic package.
Tech Co., Ltd. () has over 12 years’ experience in research and product development of chemical products. Contact us to send an inquiry if you are interested in high-quality Tungsten trioxide.

What is Tungstentrioxide? Tungsten Trioxide is a light-yellow triclinic powder. If the temperature rises above 740degC it becomes orange tetragonal molecules, which then return to […]

Aluminum Magnesium Powder

aluminum magnesium powder is an industrial product that is used in the manufacturing of magnesium-aluminum alloys for a variety of applications. These alloys provide specific benefits such as high strength, thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance.

Magnesium-aluminum alloys are produced in the form of bars, forgings, castings and plates, welding wires and extrusions. American Elements produces both wrought and cast magnesium aluminum alloys in various compositions for the aerospace, defense, automotive, metallurgical, and manufacturing industries. The most popular wrought magnesium aluminum alloys are AZ31, AZ61, AZ80, AZ91E and AZ92A.

A stoichiometric mixture of three parts KNO3 to two parts Mg is commonly used in amateur pyrotechnics for the rapid combustion of magnesium. This mixture is a combustible metal and must be handled with care, as it can cause burns if it comes into contact with skin.

The preparation of metallic-reinforced composites is a promising approach to increase the efficiency and reliability of magnesium production. This can be achieved by combining the benefits of mechanical alloying with the advantages of advanced particle characterization techniques.

In the study of Tun and Gupta (2007), a PM method was used to produce three Mg/HA nanocomposites with 8, 10 and 15 wt.% HA by using a combination of pure Mg powders and yttria nano-powders with different mean size (32, 50 and 30 nm). The samples were green compacted after 20 h of milling, consolidated into full-dense buttons by spark plasma sintering and subjected to abrasion testing and microstructural analysis.

aluminum magnesium powder is an industrial product that is used in the manufacturing of magnesium-aluminum alloys for a variety of applications. These alloys provide specific […]

Gallium Sulfate

Articles

gallium sulfate is a mildly water and acid soluble gallium source for use in applications compatible with sulfates. It is also available in a variety of high purity, submicron and nanopowder forms for use as coatings, sputtering targets and evaporation materials.

This salt is a precursor to other gallium compounds such as gallium oxide. It is supported on silica gel as an excellent solid acid catalyst for the esterification of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and heptanol to give n-heptyl p-hydroxybenzoate. It is also used to prepare gallium(III) oxide for electro-deposition of gallium thin films. gallium sulfate is hygroscopic and incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

American Elements produces gallium sulfate to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia). gallium sulfate Solution is also produced to custom specifications. For more information, please see our gallium sulfate Technical Data Sheet.

Articlesgallium sulfate is a mildly water and acid soluble gallium source for use in applications compatible with sulfates. It is also available in a variety […]

Copper II Arsenate

copper ii arsenate is an inorganic compound with the formula CuAsO. It is a moderately toxic, brown-black solid that can be made from copper sulfate and arsenic acid by precipitation. It is used in the manufacture of paints and coatings, as an anti-corrosive in metals and as a wood preservative.

In preferred embodiments of the invention, a solution of soluble arsenate (or arsenite) and a solution of copper sulfate are combined in a metallurgical process. The arsenite is extracted from the ores, concentrates or speiss obtained by leaching. The sulfate is added to the arsenite solution or copper sulfate solution to produce a mixture of the two compounds in solution, which is then subjected to liquid-solids separation and recovery. The copper arsenate produced in this manner is substantially free of sludge-forming impurities such as iron and lead.

The arsenate adsorption capacities of the two materials were measured in batch experiments at various pH values, using different concentrations of challenge water. It was found that, at low concentrations, Zn-HypoGel significantly outperformed Bayoxide E33. This was due to the better affinity of the zinc(II) metallo-receptors for arsenate, as shown by ITC and titration results.

The titration data were used to compare the number of adsorption sites on the two sorbents, with the aim of determining the number of moles of Zn-HypoGel sites that would adsorb one mole of arsenate. It was calculated that 1 mole of Zn-HypoGel site adsorbs 0.6 moles of arsenate, compared with only 0.24 mol of Bayoxide E33 sites. The higher number of adsorption sites was attributed to the greater arsenate binding capability of the Zinc(II) metallo-receptor complex 3 (see Supporting Information).

copper ii arsenate is an inorganic compound with the formula CuAsO. It is a moderately toxic, brown-black solid that can be made from copper sulfate […]

What Are the Effects of Using Fused Silica Powder?

Fused Silica Powder The material is high-quality fused sand crushed with a jet or vibration mill. It then undergoes classification. Performance-wise, it is characterized by a small coefficient of expansion, low stress and chemical corrosion resistance. Fused silicon has low Radioactivity, and good electrical radiation.

Where is fused silicon used in industry and why?

The silica powder, when mixed with the hydration material, can form a solid gel. It will also react with alkaline materials such as magnesium oxide, forming a gel. The following functions can be played by mortar, refractory castables and silica dust in cement-based concret:

Fused silica powder improves corrosion resistance.

2. Fused silicon powder can be used to reduce concrete pumping resistance by retaining water and preventing bleeding.

Concrete can be significantly improved by adding a layer of fused silica powder.

The fusion of silicon powder can be used to reduce the dust that falls on concrete and castables sprayed and increase the thickness.

Fused silicon powder has been used in C150 Concrete Engineering as a key component for high-strength, lightweight concrete.

Use of fused silicon powder in concrete or low-cement castables can improve durability and reduce costs.

7.Fused Silicon Powder can prevent concrete aggregate alkali reaction.

Castable refractories can be made more compact by adding fused silicon powder. The mullite is formed more easily when Al2O3 and silicon coexist. This improves the high temperature strength of the material.

Tech Co., Ltd. is a professional It is made of fused silica Powder We have over 12 year experience in research and development of chemical products. You can contact us for high quality silica powder. Contact us Send an inquiry.

Fused Silica Powder The material is high-quality fused sand crushed with a jet or vibration mill. It then undergoes classification. Performance-wise, it is characterized by […]

Gold(III) Cyanide Chemical Formula

Gold is one of the most precious metals. It is used for decorative or industrial applications, such as jewellery and industrial electronic coatings (see Figure 12). The low-temperature eutectic of gold with silicon in the latter application allows for hard and durable layers with a thickness in the range of 0.05-10 mm.

Gold(III) cyanide is toxic and can be used only in well-ventilated and controlled conditions. To reduce the risk of exposure, it is typically loaded onto activated carbon in a column leaching process, often referred to as carbon-in-column (CIC). The carbon is fed into the leaching solution without the ore particles, and solution flow through the columns is usually counter-current to facilitate higher loading efficiency.

An older route for producing potassium gold cyanide K(Au(CN)2) consisted of dissolving metallic gold in aqua regia, followed by replacing unwanted chloride ions with cyanide and removing excess nitric acid. However, this procedure could not guarantee high product purity.

A new, safer and more efficient process for preparing gold(III) cyanide has been developed: phosphine-ligated dicyanoarylgold(III) complexes. These compounds are characterized by high stability and excellent emission quantum yields. Furthermore, their reactivity towards reductive elimination has been explored in detail.

The gold adsorption capacity of the novel produced material was determined using a NETZCH STA 449C thermo gravimetric balance. The depleted adsorbent was subjected to a thermal analysis in air, which allowed for the determination of the temperature at which it decomposes into metallic gold. The results indicate that the new adsorbent material can be efficiently used for gold recovery from residual diluted solutions.

Gold is one of the most precious metals. It is used for decorative or industrial applications, such as jewellery and industrial electronic coatings (see Figure […]

Calcium hydride is widely used as a desiccant for alkaline solvents

What is Calcium Hydride? Calcium hydride, also known as CaH2, is a compound that has the chemical symbol CaH2. It is therefore an alkaline-earth metal hydride. This gray powder (pure, or sometimes white) reacts violently to water and releases hydrogen. CaH2 has been used for desiccant.

CaH2 has a structure similar to that of salt. During the Battle of the Atlantic German subs used calcium hydroide as a decoy sonar called bold. Alkali metals, alkaline earths metals, and beryllium are all heavier than each other and produce hydrogen halides. The sodium hydride master mold is a well-known example. They are insoluble with all solvents which do not react. Crystals of CaH2 have a structure similar to PbCl2 or perovskite.

Why is Calcium Hydride Known as Hydrolith
CaH2 (brine hydride) is known as hydrolith because it has a structure similar to that of salt. Both alkali earth metals and alkali metals combine to form sodium hydroide.

What is calcium hydride used for?
It is more safe to use than reagents that are more reactive (such as sodium alloy or sodium-potassium metal). It is used widely as a desiccant in alkaline solvants such as amines, pyridine and sodium metal. It is used to dry alcohol.

Reduced metal oxide
CaH2 is used as a reducer to produce metals out of metal oxides Ti, V., Nb., Ta. and U. Decomposition into Ca metal is recommended for operation.
TiO2 + two CaH2-Ti plus two CaO + two H2

Hydrogen source
CaH2 was used to make hydrogen. In the 1940s it was used to produce hydrogen under the name “Hydrolith”.

Hydrolith is the trade name for this compound. In an emergency it can be used to fill up the airship with portable hydrogen. This usage is expensive.

This may be a reference for wartime. The compound has been used as a safe, convenient way to inflate the weather balloons for many decades. In the lab, small amounts are produced to conduct experiments.

Desiccant
CaH2 and water react as follows.
CaH2 + 2 H2O-Ca(OH)2 + 2 H2
The dry solvent can be easily separated into two hydrolysis products: H2 gaseous and Ca(OH).

Calcium hydride, a mild desiccant, may not be as efficient as molecular Sieves. It is safer than using more reactants like sodium metal or sodium potassium alloy. It is used widely as a dehydratant for alkaline solvants such as amines, pyridine and sodium metal. It is used to dry alcohol.

CaH2 can be a convenient material, but it has its own disadvantages.
As compared with LiAlH4, its drying rate may be slower. CaH2 has a similar appearance to Ca(OH), so its quality is not readily apparent.

What happens if you add water and calcium hydride together?
Calcium hydride reacts violently (CaH2) with water, releasing hydrogen. The hydrolysis of CaH2 by ethanol in solution has a lower energy activation than other reactions.

How can you make calcium hydroxide?
Calcium hydride may be made by reacting dry hydrogen with calcium metal in a range of 300 to 400degC.
One way to prepare calcium hydroide is by heating calcium chloride, hydrogen and sodium. The reaction is triggered by:
CaCl2+H2 + 2 na-CaH2+2 NaCl
This reaction involves the formation of sodium chloride molecules from sodium atoms, hydrogen (H), and calcium (Ca).

Magnesium (Mg) can be reduced with calcium oxide (CaO), resulting in the production of calcium hydride. The reaction occurs in the presence hydrogen. This reaction produces also magnesium oxide. The chemical reaction is represented by the following formula:
CaO + Mg + CaH2 + MgO

What is the type of bond that calcium hydride has?
The ionic hydroide reacts violently to remove the hydrogen (H2). The dihydrohydrides consist of only hydrogen, one other element, and water. They are usually in the form MH2 (or MH3), such as magnesium hydride, sodium hydride, lithium hydride, calcium hydride, or calcium hydride.

Unstable calcium hydroide as a high-temperature thermal cell with promise
CaH2 is a candidate that has a high energy density (thermal batteries), and a low price. Its high operating temperature and low cycle stability have been the major factors in its failure to be developed and implemented as a CSP factory thermal cell. In this study, alumina was used at a 1:1 molar ratio to thermodynamically stabilise CaH2, releasing hydrogen with a lower temperature.
Temperature-programmed desorption measurements show that compared with the decomposition of pure CaH2 to about 1000degC under 1 bar of hydrogen pressure, the addition of Al2O3 will lower the decomposition temperature to ~600degC, thereby making the reaction thermodynamically unstable for the release of hydrogen from CaH2. The pressure component of the isotherm between 612degC to 636degC determines the experimental entropy, enthalpy, and enthalpy for the system.
Entropy for H2 is measured using DSdes=110+-2 j*K-1 mol-1. Ca12Al14O33 was confirmed by the XRD after TPD. SEM and XRD confirmed a loss of capacity during the hydrogen-cycle at 636degC. The system’s capacity was affected by the excess Al2O3 sintering. Hydrogen cycle capacity has improved significantly by reducing initial Al2O3 and achieving a CaH2:Al2O3 molar proportion of 2:1. This is a high-temperature, thermal battery that has great potential for the next CSP generation.

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What is Calcium Hydride? Calcium hydride, also known as CaH2, is a compound that has the chemical symbol CaH2. It is therefore an alkaline-earth metal […]

What are the main aerosol methods for producing metal alloy powders

Gas atomization, or gas atomization, is a method used to create metal alloy powders. Gas atomization works by breaking up the liquid metal stream with high-speed airflow into small drops and solidifying it into powder. Powder preparation has been a major development area for special alloy and high-performance powders due to its benefits of high purity and low oxygen content. It also offers controllable particle size, a low cost of production, and a high degree of sphericity. The following are some representative gas atomization techniques for powder production:
Laminar flow atomization is a technology that uses a laminar flow to atomize particles.

The German company etc. proposed a technology for laminar atomization. This technology offers significant improvements over conventional nozzles. The improved atomizing node has a narrow powder particle distribution, high atomization efficiency and a cooling rate of 106-107K/sec. The copper, aluminum and 316L stainless-steel, etc., can be atomized under a 2.0MPa atomization force. Ar or Nitrogen is used to atomize the powder, with an average particle size of 10mm. It is a process that produces most metal powders and has a low gas usage. The technical control of this process is difficult. It is also unstable. And the output (metal mass flow rate less than 1kg/min), is low. This is not suitable for industrial production.

Ultrasonic tightly combined atomization technology

Close-coupled Ultrasonic Atomization Technology optimizes ring-slot nozzles so that airflow velocity is greater than the speed of sound and metal mass flow rate is increased. When atomizing high-surface energy metals like stainless steel, the average size of the particles can reach around 20mm and the standard deviation can be as little as 1.5mm.

The technology can be used to produce amorphous, fast-cooling or amorphous particles. The current development of this equipment shows that it is the next step in the development of tightly coupled technology. It can be applied to a wide range of materials such as alloy powders and micro stainless steel.

Hot gas atomization

In the last few years, an American company has done a lot research on the mechanism and effect of hot-gas atomization. In the United States, a company heated gas to 200-400degC under pressure of 1.72MPa to atomize a silver alloy and tin alloy. It found that the particle size and standard deviation decreased as the temperature increased. The hot gas atomization process is more efficient than traditional atomization, consumes less gas, and can be easily implemented on conventional atomization machines. It’s a promising technology.

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Gas atomization, or gas atomization, is a method used to create metal alloy powders. Gas atomization works by breaking up the liquid metal stream with […]

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