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The chemical compound tin 4 selenide formula, also known as stannous tin or tin diselenide, is a black-gray crystalline solid with semiconductor properties. It is a typical layered metal chalcogenide and has garnered considerable interest for applications including low-cost photovoltaics and memory-switching devices. The tin selenide formula is also used as a solid-state lubricant because of its strong interlayer bonding.
The tin(IV) selenide formula can be prepared by the reduction of tin(IV) chloride with sodium hydroxide, or vapor deposition at high temperatures. The synthesis can be further refined by precipitation and crystallization from solutions of various pH values. The behavior of the resulting tin(IV) sulfide and selenide is well understood with the aid of thermal analysis, Mossbauer spectroscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction.
Researchers have investigated the thallium(I) selenide-tin(IV) selenide system with differential thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction as primary experimental techniques. They determined that three ternary chemical compounds form in this system, and they presented different phase diagrams of the system.
Tin 4 selenide is soluble in acetone, ethanol, and methyl acetate. The soluble salts are used as reagents in organic synthesis, and the crystallized compound is also employed in metalloenzymatic reactions. It has been used to produce polymer matrices for thin-film solar cells, and its semiconductor properties make it attractive for use in gas sensors as well. The tin 4 selenide formula is often used as a lubricant because of the strength of its interlayer bonding, but it is not the most stable of the chalcogenide solid-state lubricants and has a lower melting point than the more common tungsten diselenide. American Elements manufactures tin 4 selenide to many standard grades when applicable, such as Mil Spec (military grade), ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade, Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade, Optical Grade, and USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) standards.